Higher-Dose Primaquine to Prevent Relapse of Malaria.

Background: In most of the Americas, the recommended treatment to prevent relapse of malaria is primaquine at a total dose of 3.5 mg per kilogram of body weight, despite evidence of only moderate efficacy.

Methods: In this trial conducted in Brazil, we evaluated three primaquine regimens to prevent relapse of malaria in children at least 5 years of age and in adults with microscopy-confirmed monoinfection.

Evaluation of Histidine-Rich Proteins 2 and 3 Gene Deletions in in Endemic Areas of the Brazilian Amazon.

Histidine-rich proteins 2 and 3 gene ( and ) deletions affect the efficacy of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) based on the histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2), compromising the correct identification of the species. Therefore, molecular surveillance is necessary for the investigation of the actual prevalence of this phenomenon and the extent of the disappearance of these genes in these areas and other South American countries, thus guiding national malaria control programs on the appropriate use of RDTs. This study aimed to evaluate the and gene deletion in in endemic areas of the Brazilian Amazon.