Development and evaluation of a high-sensitivity RT-PCR lateral flow assay for early detection of HIV-1 infection.

Early diagnosis of HIV-1 is crucial to minimize transmission, morbidity, and mortality, particularly for neonates with developing immune systems. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a simplified, high-sensitivity assay for early HIV-1 detection before seroconversion. The assay utilizes reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to amplify the HIV-1 RNA gene.

Activity of Propolis Nanoparticles against HSV-2: Promising Approach to Inhibiting Infection and Replication.

Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV-2) infection causes a significant life-long disease. Long-term side effects of antiviral drugs can lead to the emergence of drug resistance. Thus, propolis, a natural product derived from beehives, has been proposed to prevent or treat HSV-2 infections.

Antibody response to rabies pre-exposure vaccination among village health volunteers in a northern region of Thailand.

Background: Rabies is a lethal, however the disease is preventable through vaccination either before or immediately after an exposure. This study aimed to provide a pre-exposure prophylaxis rabies immunization to village health volunteers (VHV) who provide rabies vaccination for pets and free-roaming dogs in their villages and evaluate the antibody level and adverse effects after vaccination. We also assessed the knowledge related to rabies of these VHVs before field trip for pet vaccination.

Lack of Association between Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Zika Antibodies among Pregnant Women in Thailand between 1997 and 2015.

Data about Zika virus infection and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Southeast Asia are scarce. We conducted an unmatched case-control study of Zika virus (ZIKV) serology in pregnant women enrolled in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) perinatal prevention trials between 1997 and 2015 in Thailand. Case and control groups included women with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Causes of Hypertensive Anterior Uveitis in Thailand.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of viral infections in patients with hypertensive anterior uveitis in Thailand from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of aqueous humor.

Methods: Thirty-one patients with anterior uveitis with intraocular pressure (IOP) above 25 mmHg were included for PCR analysis for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex (HSV), varicella-zoster (VZV), rubella, chikungunya and Zika virus.

Results: The prevalence of PCR-positive results was 32%, including 19% for CMV, 10% for HSV, and 3% for VZV; PCR for other tested viruses demonstrated negative results.

Genetic analyses of HIV env associated with uveitis in antiretroviral-naive individuals.

Objective: To analyze and compare HIV-1 env sequences from the eye to those from the blood of individuals with uveitis attributed to HIV with the goal of gaining insight into the pathogenesis of HIV-associated eye disease.

Design: A prospective case series of five HIV-infected antiretroviral-naive individuals with uveitis negative for other pathogens.

Methods: RNA from blood plasma and ocular aqueous humor was reverse transcribed using random hexamers.

Clinical manifestations of cytomegalovirus-associated posterior uveitis and panuveitis in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Importance: Little attention has been paid to clinical features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in individuals without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and comorbidities of patients without HIV infection who have CMV-associated posterior uveitis or panuveitis.

Design And Setting: Retrospective observational case series in an academic research setting.

Infectious causes of posterior uveitis and panuveitis in Thailand.

Purpose: To determine the infectious causes of posterior uveitis (PU) and panuveitis (panU) in Thailand.

Methods: We investigated the infectious causes of uveitis involving the posterior segment of the eye by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), varicella zoster virus and Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) DNA in intraocular samples of 80 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients.

The diagnostic value of intraocular fluid analysis by polymerase chain reaction in Thai patients with uveitis.

Uveitis is a major cause of severe visual impairment throughout the world and can be initiated by various infectious and non-infectious causes. Early recognition of specific infections is important as the treatment with antimicrobial agents might stop the progression or even cure the eye disease. To determine the infectious causes of uveitis in Thailand, intraocular fluid samples of 100 HIV-negative patients and 47 HIV-positive patients with uveitis were examined using real-time PCR analysis for herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma gondii.

Intraocular and plasma HIV-1 RNA loads and HIV uveitis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics across the blood-retinal barrier and to determine whether the high levels of HIV in the eye are associated with any ocular disorders in HIV-infected patients.

Design: This study included a prospective case series of 40 HIV-positive patients with uveitis.

Intervention: Clinical and laboratory examinations included plasma and intraocular HIV-1 RNA loads as well as the clinical manifestations of uveitis.

Infectious uveitis in Thailand: serologic analyses and clinical features.

Purpose: To determine the seroprevalence of various infectious agents in Thai patients with uveitis.

Methods: Prospective study of 101 consecutive patients with uveitis, 100 HIV-infected retinitis patients, and 100 nonuveitis controls.

Results: Antibodies against T.