β-enaminoester derivatives exhibit promising in vitro and in silico antiviral potential against Mayaro virus.

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is the causative agent of Mayaro fever, which is characterized mainly by acute fever and long-term severe arthralgia, common manifestations of other arbovirus infections, making the correct diagnosis a challenge. Besides, MAYV infections have been reported in South America, especially in Brazil. However, the lack of vaccines or specific antiviral drugs to control these infections makes the search for new antivirals an urgent need.

Agathisflavone, a Biflavonoid from Anacardium occidentale L., Inhibits Influenza Virus Neuraminidase.

Background: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the only class of antivirals in clinical use against influenza virus approved worldwide. However, approximately 1-3% of circulating strains present resistance mutations to oseltamivir (OST), the most used NAI. Therefore, it is important to catalogue new molecules to inhibit influenza virus, especially OST-resistant strains.

Yellow fever virus is susceptible to sofosbuvir both in vitro and in vivo.

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. In Brazil, yellow fever (YF) cases have increased dramatically in sylvatic areas neighboring urban zones in the last few years. Because of the high lethality rates associated with infection and absence of any antiviral treatments, it is essential to identify therapeutic options to respond to YFV outbreaks.

Beyond Members of the Family, Sofosbuvir Also Inhibits Chikungunya Virus Replication.

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes a febrile disease associated with chronic arthralgia, which may progress to neurological impairment. Chikungunya fever (CF) is an ongoing public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, where control of the CHIKV vector, mosquitos, has failed. As there is no vaccine or specific treatment for CHIKV, patients receive only palliative care to alleviate pain and arthralgia.

The clinically approved antiviral drug sofosbuvir inhibits Zika virus replication.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family, along with other agents of clinical significance such as dengue (DENV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viruses. Since ZIKV causes neurological disorders during fetal development and in adulthood, antiviral drugs are necessary. Sofosbuvir is clinically approved for use against HCV and targets the protein that is most conserved among the members of the Flaviviridae family, the viral RNA polymerase.

Role of P2 Receptors as Modulators of Rat Eosinophil Recruitment in Allergic Inflammation.

ATP and other nucleotides are released from cells through regulated pathways or following the loss of plasma membrane integrity. Once outside the cell, these compounds can activate P2 receptors: P2X ionotropic receptors and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors. Eosinophils represent major effector cells in the allergic inflammatory response and they are, in fact, associated with several physiological and pathological processes.