Representation of ethnic and racial minority groups in European vaccine trials: a quantitative analysis of clinical trials registries.

Objectives: The representation of ethnic minority groups in European vaccine trials is an important and hitherto unaddressed gap in the literature. The objectives of this study were to determine the proportion of European vaccine trials that report data on the ethnic demographics of participants, to evaluate the distribution of ethnic minority groups among trial participants (where reported), and ascertain whether this is representative of the wider population of the country.

Design: We evaluated the representation of ethnic/racial minority groups in clinical research, conducting a quantitative analysis of clinical trials registry data from completed vaccine trials in Europe that commenced between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2020.

Social determinants of health and the double burden of disease in Nepal: a secondary analysis.

Background: As the global burden of disease evolves, lower-resource countries like Nepal face a double burden of non-communicable and infectious disease. Rapid adaptation is required for Nepal's health system to provide life-long, person-centred care while simultaneously improving quality of infectious disease services. Social determinants of health be key in addressing health disparities and could direct policy decisions to promote health and manage the disease burden.