How accurate are coordinate systems being used for transcranial magnetic stimulation?

When applying transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to the brain, it is desired to be as precise as possible to reach a target area in the brain. For that, neuronavigational system using individuals' MRI scans were developed to guide TMS pulses delivery. All neuronavigational systems need coordinates of the target area to guide the TMS coil.

Obstructive sleep apnea detection during wakefulness: a comprehensive methodological review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic condition affecting up to 1 billion people, globally. Despite this spread, OSA is still thought to be underdiagnosed. Lack of diagnosis is largely attributed to the high cost, resource-intensive, and time-consuming nature of existing diagnostic technologies during sleep.

Development and evaluation of a numerical spine model comprising intra-abdominal pressure for use in assessing physiological changes on abdominal compliance and spinal stability.

Background: Abdominal compliance is the "measure of ease of abdominal expansion" and determines whether a patient can withstand high intra-abdominal pressures. Thus, high compliance indicates that the abdomen can expand relatively freely, while low compliance restricts abdominal expansion. The global objective of the present work is to evaluate the effect of physiological changes on abdominal compliance using a comprehensive spine finite element model inclusive of intra-abdominal pressure.

Fluid-structure interaction modelling of the upper airway with and without obstructive sleep apnea: a review.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common respiratory disorder associated with the collapse of the upper airway during sleep. OSA may cause oxygen desaturation, arousals from sleep, and daytime sleepiness, in turn affecting quality of life. There is low success rate in existing OSA surgical treatments mainly due to heterogeneity of the OSA population and poor understanding of the mechanism of the upper airway collapse in each individual.

Validity and reliability of a novel, non-invasive tool and method to measure intra-abdominal pressure in vivo.

Intra-abdominal hypertension has been recorded in between 20 and 50% of intensive care unit patients, with rates increasing in ventilated patients. This increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can reduce blood flow to vital organs, perpetuating further pressure build-up as organs become unable to drain excess fluids. Measurement of IAP for the diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension remains highly invasive, thus, a non-invasive alternative to traditional IAP measurement was developed and validated, herein.

The Effect of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation With Cognitive Training on Executive Brain Function in Individuals With Dementia: Protocol for a Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Although memory and cognitive declines are associated with normal brain aging, they may also be precursors to dementia.

Objective: We aim to offer a novel approach to prevent or slow the progress of neurodegenerative dementia, or plausibly, improve the cognitive functions of individuals with dementia.

Methods: We will recruit and enroll 75 participants (older than 50 years old with either mild cognitive impairment or probable early or moderate dementia) for this double-blind randomized controlled study to estimate the efficacy of active transcranial alternating current stimulation with cognitive treatment (in comparison with sham transcranial alternating current stimulation).