Comparing stand-alone endovascular embolization versus stereotactic radiosurgery in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III: a propensity score matched study.

Background: Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are uncommon cerebral lesions that can cause significant neurological complications. Surgical resection is the gold standard for treatment, but endovascular embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are viable alternatives.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of endovascular embolization versus SRS in the treatment of AVMs with Spetzler-Martin grades I-III.

ABO blood type and thromboembolic complications after intracerebral hemorrhage: An exploratory analysis.

Background And Purpose: Non-O blood types are known to be associated with thromboembolic complications (TECs) in population-based studies. TECs are known drivers of morbidity and mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, yet the relationships of blood type on TECs in this patient population are unknown. We sought to explore the relationships between ABO blood type and TECs in ICH patients.

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain arteriovenous malformations in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.

Objective: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) present different characteristics from sporadic AVMs, and they have lower initial bleeding rates. Conservative management is usually preferred for the treatment of these lesions. In this case study, we present the largest series of HHT patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery to date.

Association Between Body Mass Index and Functional Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background And Objectives: Evidence of the so-called "obesity paradox," which refers to the protective effect and survival benefit of obesity in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), remains controversial. This study aims to determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and functional outcomes in patients with ICH and whether it is modified by race/ethnicity.

Methods: Included individuals were derived from the Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage study, which prospectively recruited 1,000 non-Hispanic White, 1,000 non-Hispanic Black, and 1,000 Hispanic patients with spontaneous ICH.

Mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment of primary and secondary anterior cerebral artery occlusions: insights from STAR.

Background: The safety and efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for the treatment of acute anterior cerebral artery (ACA) occlusions have not clearly been delineated. Outcomes may be impacted based on whether the occlusion is isolated to the ACA (primary ACA occlusion) or occurs in conjunction with other cerebral arteries (secondary).

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the multicenter Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm (STAR) database.

ABO Blood Type and Thromboembolic Complications after Intracerebral Hemorrhage: an exploratory analysis.

Background And Purpose: Non-O blood types are known to be associated with thromboembolic complications (TECs) in population-based studies. TECs are known drivers of morbidity and mortality in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients, yet the relationships of blood type on TECs in this patient population are unknown. We sought to explore the relationships between ABO blood type and TECs in ICH patients.

Postoperative Serum Cortisol and Cushing Disease Recurrence in Patients With Corticotroph Adenomas.

Context: In Cushing disease, the association between the rate of serum cortisol decline and recurrent disease after corticotroph adenoma removal has not been adequately characterized.

Objective: To analyze postoperative serum cortisol and recurrence rates in Cushing disease.

Methods: Patients with Cushing disease and pathology-confirmed corticotroph adenoma were retrospectively studied.

The VEBAS score: a practical scoring system for intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula obliteration.

Background: Tools predicting intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) treatment outcomes remain scarce. This study aimed to use a multicenter database comprising more than 1000 dAVFs to develop a practical scoring system that predicts treatment outcomes.

Methods: Patients with angiographically confirmed dAVFs who underwent treatment within the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research-participating institutions were retrospectively reviewed.

Relationships of Hemoglobin Concentration, Ischemic Lesions, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background: Hemoglobin concentration and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) ischemic lesions are separately known to be associated with poor intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) outcomes. While hemoglobin concentrations have known relationships with ischemic stroke, it is unclear whether hemoglobin concentration is associated with DWI ischemic lesions after ICH. We sought to investigate the hypothesis that hemoglobin concentrations would associate with DWI lesions after ICH and further investigated their relationships with clinical outcomes.

Transport-based morphometry of nuclear structures of digital pathology images in cancers.

Alterations in nuclear morphology are useful adjuncts and even diagnostic tools used by pathologists in the diagnosis and grading of many tumors, particularly malignant tumors. Large datasets such as TCGA and the Human Protein Atlas, in combination with emerging machine learning and statistical modeling methods, such as feature extraction and deep learning techniques, can be used to extract meaningful knowledge from images of nuclei, particularly from cancerous tumors. Here we describe a new technique based on the mathematics of optimal transport for modeling the information content related to nuclear chromatin structure directly from imaging data.

Developmental venous anomaly thrombosis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019-associated hypercoagulability: illustrative case.

Background: Spontaneous thrombosis of a developmental venous abnormality (DVA) is a rare complication associated with hypercoagulability. The objective of this case report is to describe an association between DVA thrombosis and mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in a vaccinated patient.

Observations: A 28-year-old male with hypertension presented with severe headache and left-sided hemiparesis.

Risk factors and predictors of intracranial hemorrhage after mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: insights from the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR).

Background: Reducing intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) can improve patient outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) intervention. We sought to identify ICH risk factors after AIS thrombectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) database.

Effects of Neuroanatomic Structural Distances on Pituitary Function After Stereotactic Radiosurgery: A Multicenter Study.

Background: Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomic structure distances from the radiation target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS through multicenter study.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation database from January 2002 to December 2021 for adult patients undergoing SRS for pituitary adenomas with >6 months of follow-up.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations-Eligible Patients: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: The outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) were controversial, and they suggested that intervention is inferior to medical management for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, several studies have shown that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an acceptable therapy for unruptured AVMs.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that ARUBA intervention arm's SRS results are meaningfully inferior to those from similar populations reported by other studies.

Quantification of hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes in intracerebral hemorrhage study: Design considerations in an artificial intelligence validation (QUANTUM) study.

Background: Hematoma and perihematomal edema volumes are important radiographic markers in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Accurate, reliable, and efficient quantification of these volumes will be paramount to their utility as measures of treatment effect in future clinical studies. Both manual and semi-automated quantification methods of hematoma and perihematomal edema volumetry are time-consuming and susceptible to inter-rater variability.

Hemorrhage and Recurrence of Obliterated Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery.

Background: Although complete nidal obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is generally presumed to represent durable cure, postobliteration hemorrhage, and AVM recurrence have become increasingly recognized phenomena. The goal of the study was to define hemorrhage and nidal recurrence risks of obliterated AVMs treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study from the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation comprising AVM patients treated between 1987 and 2020.

Effect of distance from target on hypopituitarism after stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas.

Introduction: Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the distance from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the treatment target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS.

Methods: Between 2007 and 2020, consecutive adult patients who underwent single-session SRS for non-functioning or hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas with ≥ 6 months of follow-up were included.

Characterization of a paradoxical post-operative increase in serum cortisol in Cushing disease.

Purpose: In Cushing disease, early post-operative serum cortisol fluctuations have not been adequately characterized, and their association with initial remission and recurrence is unclear.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with Cushing disease was conducted at two institutions. A "riser" was defined a priori as a paradoxical increase in serum cortisol with an immediate incremental increase in serum cortisol over three consecutive cortisol draws separated by roughly 6-h (definition 1).

Intrasaccular flow disruption for brain aneurysms: a systematic review of long-term outcomes.

Objective: The long-term safety and efficacy of intrasaccular flow disruption (IFD) for the treatment of brain aneurysms remain unclear. With accumulating experience and increasing use of IFD devices, recent studies have provided additional data regarding their outcomes. This review summarizes the long-term outcomes of IFD-treated brain aneurysms.

Antiplatelet therapy and delayed cerebral ischemia in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a potentially preventable cause of morbidity and mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). The authors performed a meta-analysis to assess the effect of antiplatelet therapy (APT) on DCI in patients with aSAH.

Methods: A systematic review of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was performed.

Interventional outcomes for patients eligible for entry into the ARUBA clinical trial: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) suggested that medical management afforded outcomes superior to those following intervention for unruptured arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), but its findings have been controversial. Subsequent studies of AVMs that would have met the eligibility requirements of ARUBA have supported intervention for the management of some cases. The present meta-analysis was conducted with the object of summarizing interventional outcomes for ARUBA-eligible patients reported in the literature.