Recommendations for Screening and Monitoring the Stages of Type 1 Diabetes in the Immune Therapy Era.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex, chronic autoimmune disease that affects over 1.6 million people in the United States. It is now understood that T1D may be undetected for many years while the disease progresses quietly without producing symptoms.

Profile of Daughters and Sisters of Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Role of Proband's Glucose Tolerance.

Context: First-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present hormonal and metabolic alterations compared to girls unrelated to PCOS. It is unknown whether glucose intolerance in the PCOS proband confers a more severe metabolic predisposition on their first-degree relatives.

Objective: To determine whether glucose tolerance status in women with PCOS is associated with worsened glucose metabolism and sex hormone levels in their peripubertal daughters or sisters.

Comparison of Surgical and Medical Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes in Severely Obese Adolescents.

Importance: Because of the substantial increase in the occurrence of type 2 diabetes in the pediatric population and the medical complications of this condition, therapies are urgently needed that will achieve better glycemic control than standard medical management.

Objective: To compare glycemic control in cohorts of severely obese adolescents with type 2 diabetes undergoing medical and surgical interventions.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A secondary analysis of data collected by the Teen-Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (Teen-LABS) and Treatment Options of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) consortia was performed.

Metabolic syndrome is common and persistent in youth-onset type 2 diabetes: Results from the TODAY clinical trial.

Objective: To examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in youth-onset type 2 diabetes in the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study.

Methods: Prevalence of MetS (ATP III definition) was compared at baseline (n = 679) and at 6 (n = 625) and 24 months (n = 545) using chi-square tests. Laboratory data were examined between MetS classifications at each time point using ANOVA.

Report of fertility in a woman with a predominantly 46,XY karyotype in a family with multiple disorders of sexual development.

Context: We report herein a remarkable family in which the mother of a woman with 46,XY complete gonadal dysgenesis was found to have a 46,XY karyotype in peripheral lymphocytes, mosaicism in cultured skin fibroblasts (80% 46,XY and 20% 45,X) and a predominantly 46,XY karyotype in the ovary (93% 46,XY and 6% 45,X).

Patients: A 46,XY mother who developed as a normal woman underwent spontaneous puberty, reached menarche, menstruated regularly, experienced two unassisted pregnancies, and gave birth to a 46,XY daughter with complete gonadal dysgenesis.

Results: Evaluation of the Y chromosome in the daughter and both parents revealed that the daughter inherited her Y chromosome from her father.

Relationship of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome to parental metabolic syndrome.

Context: We determined the relationship of metabolic syndrome (MBS) to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that parental MBS is related to the PCOS phenotype in their offspring.

Design/setting: We phenotyped for MBS and PCOS in our General Clinical Research Center.