Nurses' experience of managing adults living with multimorbidity: A qualitative study.

Background: The number of adults living with two or more chronic conditions is increasing worldwide. Adults living with multimorbidity have complex physical, psychosocial and self-management care needs.

Aim: This study aimed to describe Australian nurses' experience of care provision for adults living with multimorbidity, their perceived education needs and future opportunities for nurses in the management of multimorbidity.

Water Chemistry, Exposure Routes, and Metal Forms Determine the Bioaccumulation Dynamics of Silver (Ionic and Nanoparticulate) in Daphnia magna.

Treatment wetlands utilize various physical and biological processes to reduce levels of organic contaminants, metals, bacteria, and suspended solids. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one type of contaminant that can enter treatment wetlands and impact the overall treatment efficacy. Grazing by filter-feeding zooplankton, such as Daphnia magna, is critical to treatment wetland functioning; but the effects of AgNPs on zooplankton are not fully understood, especially at environmentally relevant concentrations.

Simulation to educate healthcare providers working within residential age care settings: A scoping review.

Background: Simulation is used widely in health education to develop healthcare providers' knowledge and skills. The use of simulation however, as an educational strategy among aged care worker is not well understood.

Objectives: This review sought to describe studies where simulation is used to educate healthcare providers working within aged care settings; describe the method and structure used in simulations in residential aged care; the key learning outcomes for the participants in this setting; and identify any gaps in the current literature to illuminate future research opportunities.

Reframing evidence-based practice curricula to facilitate engagement in nursing students.

Evidence-based practice underscores a modern approach to nursing to ensure delivery of safe, up-to-date and person-centred care in the evolving clinical environment. While most entry-to-practice nursing courses incorporate elements of evidence-based research curricula, nursing students commonly struggle to see the relevance of research in their training. This study sought to understand nursing students' satisfaction and perspectives on research after an undergraduate research subject was redesigned to make overt the connection between research and professional nursing practice.

Competency assessment tools: An exploration of the pedagogical issues facing competency assessment for nurses in the clinical environment.

Competency assessment is a paradigm that is common in the healthcare environment and this being particularly true within the nursing profession. Demonstration of competence is necessary to meet the requirements of healthcare organisations and is a mandated requirement of nurses by the Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. Within the nursing education sector, one approach to determine competence, is through the use of competency assessment tools.

Toxicity of dissolved Cu, Zn, Ni and Cd to developing embryos of the blue mussel (Mytilus trossolus) and the protective effect of dissolved organic carbon.

Marine water quality criteria for metals are largely driven by the extremely sensitive embryo-larval toxicity of Mytilus sp. Here we assess the toxicity of four dissolved metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd) in the mussel Mytilus trossolus, at various salinity levels while also examining the modifying effects of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) on metal toxicity. In 48 h embryo development tests in natural seawater, measured EC50 values were 6.

Comparative toxicity of nanoparticulate ZnO, bulk ZnO, and ZnCl2 to a freshwater microalga (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata): the importance of particle solubility.

Metal oxide nanoparticles are finding increasing application in various commercial products, leading to concerns for their environmental fate and potential toxicity. It is generally assumed that nanoparticles will persist as small particles in aquatic systems and that their bioavailability could be significantly greater than that of larger particles. The current study using nanoparticulate ZnO (ca.

Physiological and biochemical effects of lithium in rainbow trout.

The physiological responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to lithium (as LiCl) in moderately hard freshwater (CaCO(3) = 120-140 ppm, Na(+) = approximately 0.6 mM) were studied. The study employed a 15-day step-up exposure regime; 66 microg/L Li for the first 9 days and 528 microg/L for the next 6 days.

Interactions of waterborne and dietary cadmium on the expression of calcium transporters in the gills of rainbow trout: influence of dietary calcium supplementation.

Recent studies have shown that dietary Ca(2+) supplementation strongly inhibits uptake of Ca(2+) and Cd at the fish gill. To better understand the influence of dietary Ca(2+) on branchial Ca(2+) transport, we examined the expression of two trout gill calcium transporters during waterborne and dietary Cd exposure, at two different levels of dietary Ca(2+). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to monitor epithelial calcium channel (ECaC) and sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) mRNA levels following 7-28 days of exposure to these treatments.

The effect of pH on the uptake and toxicity of copper and zinc in a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp.).

Copper and zinc toxicity to the freshwater alga Chlorella sp. was determined at a range of pH values (5.5-8.

Calcium/cadmium interactions at uptake surfaces in rainbow trout: waterborne versus dietary routes of exposure.

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to control, 3 microg/L waterborne Cd, or 500 mg/kg dietary Cd in combination with either a control (20 mg/g Ca2+ as CaCO3) or elevated (60 mg/g Ca2+) Ca2+ diet for 28 d. No mortality or growth effects were observed in response to either route of Cd exposure, although fish fed Ca2+-supplemented diets exhibited minor reductions in growth within the first few days of feeding. Waterborne and dietary Cd resulted in significant Cd accumulation in most tissues, with dietary uptake being far in excess of waterborne under the exposure conditions used.

Toward a biotic ligand model for freshwater green algae: surface-bound and internal copper are better predictors of toxicity than free Cu2+-ion activity when pH is varied.

The freshwater green microalgae Chlorella sp. and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (P. subcapitata) were chronically (48 and 72 h, respectively) exposed to copper at various pH levels, i.

Development of multispecies algal bioassays using flow cytometry.

Multispecies algal bioassays, suitable for assessing copper toxicity, were developed with three marine (Micromonas pusilla, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and Heterocapsa niei) and three freshwater (Microcystis aeruginosa, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, and Trachelomonas sp.) microalgae. Flow cytometry was used to separate and count algal signals based on pigment fluorescence and cell size.

Toxicity of metal mixtures to a tropical freshwater alga (Chlorella sp): the effect of interactions between copper, cadmium, and zinc on metal cell binding and uptake.

The individual and combined effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on the cell division rate of the tropical freshwater alga Chlorella sp. were determined over 48 to 72 h. Metal mixtures were prepared based on multiples of their single-metal median effective concentration (EC50) values, i.

Effect of initial cell density on the bioavailability and toxicity of copper in microalgal bioassays.

Algal toxicity tests based on growth inhibition over 72 h have been extensively used to assess the toxicity of contaminants in natural waters. However, these laboratory tests use high cell densities compared to those found in aquatic systems in order to obtain a measurable algal response. The high cell densities and test duration can result in changes in chemical speciation, bioavailability, and toxicity of contaminants throughout the test.

Applications of flow cytometry to ecotoxicity testing using microalgae.

Flow cytometry is a rapid method for the quantitative measurement of light scattering and fluorescent properties of cells. Although this technique has been widely applied to biomedical and environmental studies, its potential as a tool in ecotoxicological studies has not yet been fully exploited. This article describes the application of flow cytometry to the development of bioassays with marine and freshwater algae for assessing the bioavailability of contaminants in waters and sediments.