Ovoid foveal hyperreflective lesions as a sign of familial adenomatous polyposis: A case series and review.

Purpose: To report 2 cases of presumed retinal hamartoma (RH) in pediatric patients with genetically-confirmed familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), both evaluated by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and one evaluated with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Observations: A six-year-old girl presented with occasional blurry vision in the left eye. OCT showed a foveal hyperreflective lesion with disruption of photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).

Exudative Vitreoretinopathy With a Coats-Like Response in Poretti-Boltshauser Syndrome.

To report a unique case of retinal exudation consistent with a Coats-like response and associated with mutations in , confirming the diagnosis of Poretti-Boltshauser syndrome. A case and its findings were analyzed. A 24-year-old woman presented with mild peripheral avascularity, circumferential membranes at the edge of the vascularized retina, exudation, numerous vessels with aneurysmal changes, and inferior retinal elevation in both eyes.

Coats-Like Presentation of Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Associated With a Novel Variant.

This report describes a unique case of a Coats-like presentation of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in an 11-year-old girl. The patient was originally referred for evaluation of presumed Coats disease and presented with telangiectatic vessels, perivascular exudates, diffuse peripheral exudation, and intraretinal hemorrhages. Clinical and angiographical findings were consistent with familial exudative vitreoretinopathy, while genetic testing identified variants of uncertain significance in two associated genes, and .

Foveal photoreceptor atrophy, persistent fetal vasculature, congenital cataracts, and microphthalmia in a pediatric patient with -associated oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome.

Purpose: To report a case of oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome secondary to a novel variant in a pediatric patient with congenital cataracts, microphthalmia, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), focal chorioretinal hyperpigmentation, peripheral retinal avascularity, and foveal photoreceptor atrophy.

Observations: A 3-month-old female patient was referred for bilateral congenital cataracts with microphthalmia. Her past medical history was significant for syndactyly of the toes, left bifid rib, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, anemia of prematurity, vesicoureteral reflux, and duodenal atresia.

Retinopathy With Variant of Unknown Significance and Atypical Chorioretinal Coloboma in the Setting of Prematurity.

A 37-week-old girl underwent ophthalmic examination. Born at 32 weeks, the infant weighed 680 grams and received high-flow nasal cannula for respiratory distress of the newborn. Dilated fundus examination of the right eye revealed an atypical chorioretinal coloboma; the left eye revealed hyperpigmentary changes in the macula.

Non-nasal, atypical retinochoroidal coloboma in pediatric patients: Case series and review.

Purpose: To report 2 cases of atypically located, non-nasal colobomas in the pediatric population.

Observations: A 3-week-old female neonate with no known past ocular or medical history was diagnosed with temporal iris and chorioretinal coloboma with tractional membranes upon examination under anesthesia and imaging. A 9-year-old female with a history of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and left mild hydronephrosis presented with a temporal chorioretinal coloboma associated with retinal detachment.

Retinal Detachments in Pediatric Patients With X-Linked Retinoschisis: Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes.

Background And Objective: Retinal detachments (RDs) are a complication of X-linked retinoschisis (XLRS) with a poor prognosis. This study aims to report outcomes of XLRS-RD repair in pediatric patients.

Materials And Methods: The study is a retrospective analysis of pediatric patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for XLRS-RDs from 2000 to 2022.

A patient with concurrent Axenfeld-Rieger and Stickler syndromes verified by molecular genetics.

Purpose: To report a case of Axenfeld-Rieger and Stickler Syndrome in a pediatric patient.

Observations: A 3-month-old male was referred to the glaucoma clinic after he was noted to have elevated intraocular pressures in both eyes. His family history was notable for infantile glaucoma on his maternal side and retinal detachment on his paternal side.

Retinopathy of Prematurity Screening of Preterm Infants With Icteric Vitreous.

To present 2 cases of premature newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who could not be examined properly to assess for disease progression because of vitreous opacification in the setting of an icteric vitreous and frail health status. The cases and their findings were analyzed. Given the sickness of the neonates and examination difficulty, intravitreal bevacizumab was administered in both eyes to prevent disease progression.

TRANSPLANTATION OF SUBRETINAL STEM CELL-DERIVED RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM FOR STARGARDT DISEASE: A Phase I Clinical Trial.

Purpose: To assess the safety of injecting human embryonic stem cell retinal pigment epithelial cell dose to treat Stargardt disease.

Methods: In this prospective, Phase I clinical trial, human embryonic stem cell retinal pigment epithelial cells in suspension were injected into the subretinal space in eyes with the worse best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). After vitrectomy/posterior hyaloid removal, a partial retinal detachment was created and the human embryonic stem cell retinal pigment epithelial cells were administered.

Quantitative assessment of silicone oil release with siliconized and silicone oil-free syringes by microflow imaging microscopy.

Purpose: Since particles are released in syringes during intravitreal injections, we assessed them quantitatively after agitating syringes commonly used for intravitreal injections.

Methods: With and without agitation, the SR 1-ml insulin, Becton-Dickinson Ultra-Fine 0.3-ml Short Needle with a half-unit scale, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin, and Becton-Di-ckinson 1-ml Luer Lok Tip were examined with buffer and bevacizumab, aflibercept, and ziv-aflibercept.

Ocular inflammation after agitation of siliconized and silicone oil-free syringes: a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial.

Background: Noninfectious endophthalmitis may be misdiagnosed, leading to serious clinical implications. So far, its causative factors remain unknown. Therefore, this study assessed the role of silicone oil and syringe agitation in the development of inflammation after intravitreal injection of aflibercept.

Hyperviscosity Retinopathy and Immunogammopathy Maculopahy as New Onset of Multiple Myeloma.

The purpose is to report a case of immunogammopathy maculopathy and hyperviscosity retinopathy as the presenting feature of new-onset multiple myeloma (MM) in an otherwise healthy man. A 50-years-old man presented with painless visual changes in both eyes for 2 months. Ocular examination revealed bilateral CRVO-like associated with macular edema (ME) and an inferior serous detachment.

Obstructive sleep apnea and the retina: a review.

Citation: This review's objective was to synthesize the literature on the repercussions of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in the retinal vascular system. Two independent investigators conducted a search using the MEDLINE/PubMed database using the following terms: sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea, retina, vascular tortuosity, central serous chorioretinopathy, diabetes mellitus, and subfoveal choroidal thickness. Patients with OSA present increased vascular tortuosity compared with patients without OSA, decreased parafoveal and peripapillary vessel density, and increased retinal vein occlusion incidence.

In-vitro assessment of release of silicone oil droplets with the use of variety of syringes and needles used in intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To assess the variability of silicone oil (SO) particles released across syringes from the same lot and the role of different needle gauges.

Materials And Methods: Four syringe models and six needle models were assessed for SO release. About 50 microliters of a buffer solution were loaded into the syringe, needle or syringe/needle setup.

Mechanisms of sterile inflammation after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drugs: a narrative review.

Background: Intraocular inflammation is an uncommon but potentially vision-threatening adverse event related to anti-VEGF therapy. This is of increasing importance given both the volume of injections performed, as well as the increased prevalence of inflammation seen with newer anti-VEGF agents. Brolucizumab, the newest anti-VEGF agent, has been associated with an inflammatory retinal vasculitis and the underlying mechanism is unclear.

Silicone oil-free syringes, siliconized syringes and needles: quantitative assessment of silicone oil release with drugs used for intravitreal injection.

Purpose: This study aimed to quantify the amount of silicone oil (SO) released across a variety of syringe and needle models routinely used for intravitreal injection.

Methods: The release of SO was assessed in eight models of syringes, two of which were reported to be 'SO-free', and eleven models of needles with unknown SO content. To evaluate SO release within the context of anti-VEGF therapeutics, syringes were evaluated using aflibercept, bevacizumab, buffer, ziv-aflibercept and formulation buffer.

Ocular Assessments of a Series of Newborns Gestationally Exposed to Maternal COVID-19 Infection.

Importance: Congenital viral infections leading to ocular abnormalities are frequent and devastating. As ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19 in newborns are still unknown, it is important to clarify if SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with ocular abnormalities.

Objective: To determine whether exposure to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with outcomes in the eyes of newborns.

High particle variability across siliconized and oil-free syringes and needles from the same lots.

Previous studies have reported silicone oil (SO) applied to needles and syringes in the vitreous of patients after intravitreal injections. We evaluated four syringes (SR 1-mL insulin, Saldanha-Rodrigues; BD 1-mL Tuberculin Slip Tip, Becton-Dickinson; BD Ultra-Fine 0.3 mL, HSW Norm-Ject Tuberculin, Henke Sass Wolf) and 10 needles (BD PrecisionGlide 27- and 30-gauge (G); BD Eclipse and JBP Nanoneedle 27-, 30-, 33- and 34-G; TSK Invisible Needle and 27 and 30-G Steriject Control Hub).

Effect of chronic cocaine use on fine motor coordination tested during ophthalmic vitreoretinal simulated performance.

We conducted a case-control study using the Eyesi simulator to assess the surgical performance of 24 chronic cocaine users (CCUs) and 24 sex-/age-matched controls to numerically quantify ophthalmic microsurgical simulator performance and fine motor deficiencies. The inclusion criteria were no exposure to illicit drugs other than cocaine, marijuana, or alcohol within the previous month and no health conditions that could impact manual task performance. The outcomes included surgical scores (0-100, worst-best) and task completion time (minutes).

Effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors on choroid and ocular vasculature: a literature review.

To provide information on the effects of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors on choroidal vessels and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and possible implications for development of exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Two independent investigators conducted a qualitative review of PubMed to identify studies on the choroidal effect of PDE5 inhibitors in June 2019. The search used key words that included PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, choroid, choroidal flow, choroidal vessels, choroidal thickness, CSC, AMD or a combination.

Optical coherence tomography angiography using the black-and-white pixel binarization histogram software: a new technique for evaluating healing of macular holes in two surgical techniques.

Background: Many factors can influence the functional outcomes of macular hole surgery and some studies have tried to describe anatomical features that could predict successful treatment. The purpose of this study is to describe a new technique for evaluating the healing of macular holes after two surgical techniques using a black-and-white pixel binarization histogram software by optical coherence tomography angiography and its potential functional implications.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational case series of patients who presented with idiopathic full-thickness macular holes and underwent vitreoretinal surgery for successful macular hole closure using the internal limiting membrane peeling technique or the inverted peeling technique or the free internal limiting membrane flap technique.

Non-contact wide-angled visualization with chandelier-assisted scleral buckling for primary uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To report our experience in non-contact wide-angled visualization with chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (SB) in uncomplicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD).

Methods: Retrospective case series of 282 eyes that underwent non-contact wide-angled visualization with chandelier-assisted SB and were followed for a mean of 13.5 months.