Solution Stability of Poloxamer 188 Under Stress Conditions.

Poloxamer 188 (P188) is a triblock copolymer of the form polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide (PEO-PPO-PEO). The center PPO block is hydrophobic, and the side PEO blocks are hydrophilic, resulting in surface-active properties. P188 has been used in the pharmaceutical industry as an excipient in various formulations and drug delivery systems.

Daptomycin-induced Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia.

Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare entity, often resulting in respiratory failure and the attended mortality. Daptomycin-induced AEP results from immune-mediated pulmonary epithelial cell injury. A 65-year-old male on treatment with intravenous daptomycin for three weeks came to the hospital for worsening dyspnea and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Impact of Drug Formulation Variables on Silicone Oil Structure and Functionality of Prefilled Syringe System.

Use of prefilled syringes to self-administer biologics via subcutaneous administration provides convenience to patients. The barrel interior of prefilled syringes is typically coated with silicone oil for lubrication to aid plunger movement at the time of administration. This study intended to evaluate the impact of formulation variables on the silicone oil on the barrel interior surface.

Gangliocapsular Bleed with Ipsilateral Internal Carotid Artery Aplasia.

Background: Agenesis requires an extensive work-up as a number of associated other vascular and nonvascular anomalies can be expected. In this scenario, an associated ipsilateral basal ganglia bleeding with subarachnoid haemorrhage with no aetiology is uncommon. We present such a case of moderate ipsilateral ganglio-capsular bleed of unknown cause with associate aortic arch vessel anomaly.

Spontaneous Chest Wall Interstitial Emphysema Secondary to Chronic Empyema Thoracis.

Spontaneous extension of air from the pleural space to the chest wall, also referred to as pneumothorax necessitans (PN), is a rare occurrence. Few of such cases have been reported in the literature, some appear to have a pattern of extension from pleural cavity to chest wall. Clinical conditions known to predispose to this complication are pneumothorax, empyema thoracis and tuberculosis of the pleural space or rib.

Aspergillus and mucormycosis presenting with normal chest X-ray in an immunocompromised host.

Invasive aspergillus and mucormycosis infection are not uncommon in immunocompromised individuals. Endobronchial fungal infections have been reported in the literature, especially in patient's with diabetes complicated by diabetic ketoacidosis, but end bronchial coinfection with aspergillus and mucormycosis without pulmonary involvement has not been described in the literature. We report the case of a woman with diabetes who presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, ketoacidosis and respiratory distress, with an apparently normal chest X-ray.

Coinfection of pulmonary mucormycosis and aspergillosis presenting as bilateral vocal cord palsy.

Invasive pulmonary coinfection with Mucor and Aspergillus is rare. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis resulting from coinfection with these two fungi to our knowledge has not been reported in the literature. We report a young woman with diabetes who presented with symptoms of community acquired pneumonia in association with hoarseness of voice.

A fatal case of pulmonary nocardiosis.

Pulmonary nocardiosis is a serious, most often considered an opportunistic infection affecting the respiratory tract. Even though it is more common in immunocompromised hosts, it is not infrequently seen in immunocompetent patients as well. The aerosol route is the main portal of entry in to the body.

Acute community acquired Aspergillus pneumonia in a presumed immunocompetent host.

Infection from Aspergillus results in a wide range of diseases from simple Aspergillus pneumonia to fatal invasive Aspergillosis. Though the fungus is known to predominantly affect the immunocompromised host, it has also been known to cause acute pneumonia in immunocompetent hosts which is invariably fatal. It presents as an acute pneumonia with bilateral chest infiltrates on radiograph.

Recent trends in pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary hypertension is a serious and unrelenting pulmonary vascular disorder that affects the functional quality of patients and significantly decreases their life span. If diagnosed early, with the number of new therapeutic options that are available, a better quality of life can be provided for a protracted length of time. It is likely that the available treatment will change the natural course of the disease and perhaps prolong survival.

Physical and chemical compatibility of drotrecogin alfa (activated) with 34 drugs during simulated Y-site administration.

Purpose: The physical and chemical compatibility of drotrecogin alfa (activated) (recombinant human activated protein C) during simulated Y-site administration with drugs commonly used to treat patients with severe sepsis was determined.

Methods: Thirty-four drugs were investigated for visual compatibility with drotrecogin alfa, and included cardiovascular agents, conscious sedative agents, antibiotics, blood products, and other supportive care drugs. The physical and chemical compatibility of drotrecogin alfa with these drugs was determined using a well-established experimental model to simulate Y-site administration.