Solvent Controlled Chemodivergent Sulfonyl Addition into Enynones: Synthesis of α-Furyl Sulfones and Stereodefined Vinyl Sulfones.

Sodium salt of aryl sulfinic acid reacts with enynone in a different manner, yielding α-furyl sulfone and stereodefined vinyl sulfone in toluene and EtOH respectively in the presence of ZnCl. The salient features of this protocol include chemoselectivity, broad substrate scope, high efficiency, high yield, and easy purification. The synthetic utilities of the products are demonstrated by cycloaddition and cis-trans photoisomerization reactions.

Patterns of platelet use evaluated in EHR networks of the Biologics Effectiveness and Safety Initiative, 2012-2018.

Background: U.S. FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) Biologics Effectiveness and Safety (BEST) Initiative leverages large electronic health records and administrative claims data to conduct active surveillance for CBER-regulated products.

Neuroprotective Assessment of Nutraceutical (Betanin) in Neuroblastoma Cell Line SHSY-5Y: An in-Vitro and in-Silico Approach.

The cognitive dysfunction in the brain cause severe pathological consequences such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease. The current treatments are cost expensive and also cause negative side effects. Therefore it is inevitable to develop natural phyto-compounds as a drug like molecules to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Heuristic machine learning approaches for identifying phishing threats across web and email platforms.

Life has become more comfortable in the era of advanced technology in this cutthroat competitive world. However, there are also emerging harmful technologies that pose a threat. Without a doubt, phishing is one of the rising concerns that leads to stealing vital information such as passwords, security codes, and personal data from any target node through communication hijacking techniques.

A Rapid, Mild and Direct Route to Sulfonimidoyl Fluoride from Sulfenamide.

We develop a rapid and mild protocol to access sulfonimidoyl fluoride-[S(VI)] from sulfenamide-[S(II)] directly. The transformation occurs via the reaction of sulfenamide with NCS (-chlorosuccinimide), water, and TBAF in acetonitrile. Water and TBAF act as the source for S═O bond formation and fluoride, respectively.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine effectiveness against RSV-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged 60 years and older in the USA, October, 2023, to March, 2024: a test-negative design analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus vaccines first recommended for use during 2023 were efficacious against lower respiratory tract disease in clinical trials. Limited real-world data regarding respiratory syncytial virus vaccine effectiveness are available. To inform vaccine policy and address gaps in evidence from the clinical trials, we aimed to assess the effectiveness against respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalisations and emergency department encounters among adults aged at least 60 years.

Suppressive effects of toll-like receptor 2, toll-like receptor 4, and toll-like receptor 7 on protective responses to Mycobacterium bovis BCG from epithelial cells.

Mycobacteria have several mechanisms for evasion of protective responses mounted by the host. In this study, we unravel yet another mechanism that is mediated by Toll-Like Receptors TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7 in epithelial cells. We show that mycobacterial infection of epithelial cells increases the expression of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR7.

A Case Demonstration of the Open Health Natural Language Processing Toolkit From the National COVID-19 Cohort Collaborative and the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery Programs for a Natural Language Processing System for COVID-19 or Postacute Sequelae of SARS CoV-2 Infection: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: A wealth of clinically relevant information is only obtainable within unstructured clinical narratives, leading to great interest in clinical natural language processing (NLP). While a multitude of approaches to NLP exist, current algorithm development approaches have limitations that can slow the development process. These limitations are exacerbated when the task is emergent, as is the case currently for NLP extraction of signs and symptoms of COVID-19 and postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

A framework for sharing of clinical and genetic data for precision medicine applications.

Precision medicine has the potential to provide more accurate diagnosis, appropriate treatment and timely prevention strategies by considering patients' biological makeup. However, this cannot be realized without integrating clinical and omics data in a data-sharing framework that achieves large sample sizes. Systems that integrate clinical and genetic data from multiple sources are scarce due to their distinct data types, interoperability, security and data ownership issues.

InCl catalyzed simultaneous reductive sulfoximination and -silylation: synthesis of silyloxy benzylsulfoximine.

This article describes the synthesis of -silyloxy benzylsulfoximine the reaction of salicylaldehyde and sulfoximine in the presence of silane and InCl. The steps include simultaneous reductive sulfoximination and an -silylation process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this kind of reaction, where both reductive amination (here sulfoximination) and -silylation occur concurrently.

Early detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension through [F] positron emission tomography imaging with a vascular endothelial receptor small molecule.

The objective of this study is to provide a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging modality targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) for the early noninvasive detection and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) severity. To validate the effectiveness of the [F]VEGFR PET tracer, we utilized a monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat model. Molecular optical imaging, using a Cy5.

Rewriting the textbook for pharma: how to adapt and thrive in a digital, personalized and collaborative world.

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a sweeping transformation, driven by technological innovations, demographic shifts, regulatory changes and consumer expectations. For adaptive players in pharma to excel in this rapidly changing landscape, which will be markedly different from today by 2030 and beyond, they will require a different set of skills, capabilities and mindsets, as well as a willingness to collaborate and co-create value with multiple stakeholders. The industry needs to rewrite the textbook for pharma by embracing and implementing four key dimensions of change: digitalization, personalization, collaboration and innovation.

Computational screening combined with well-tempered metadynamics simulations identifies potential TMPRSS2 inhibitors.

Type-II transmembrane serine proteases are effective pharmacological targets for host defence against viral entry and in certain cancer cell progressions. These serine proteases cleave viral spike proteins to expose the fusion peptide for cell entry, which is essential to the life cycle of the virus. TMPRSS2 inhibitors can also fight against respiratory viruses that employ them for cell entry.

In planta synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its effect on adventitious shoot growth and withanolide production in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal.

Silver (Ag) is a non-essential heavy metal with substantial environmental toxicity but an excellent promotor for plant organogenesis. It is used as an elicitor for secondary metabolite production and for in planta synthesis of metal nanoparticles (MNPs). In the present study, the Ag accumulation and reduction capability of in vitro shoots of Withania somnifera and the toxicity and elicitation effect of Ag on in vitro shoots were explored.

Kinase activity of histone chaperone APLF maintains steady state of centrosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells.

Our recent studies revealed the role of mouse Aprataxin PNK-like Factor (APLF) in development. Nevertheless, the comprehensive characterization of mouse APLF remains entirely unexplored. Based on domain deletion studies, here we report that mouse APLF's Acidic Domain and Fork Head Associated (FHA) domain can chaperone histones and repair DNA like the respective human orthologs.

Facile synthesis of elastin nanogels encapsulated decursin for castrated resistance prostate cancer therapy.

Nanogels offer hope for precise drug delivery, while addressing drug delivery hurdles is vital for effective prostate cancer (PCa) management. We developed an injectable elastin nanogels (ENG) for efficient drug delivery system to overcome castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) by delivering Decursin, a small molecule inhibitor that blocks Wnt/βcatenin pathways for PCa. The ENG exhibited favourable characteristics such as biocompatibility, flexibility, and low toxicity.

Dynamic expedition of leading mutations in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins.

The continuous evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the recent pandemic, has generated countless new variants with varying fitness. Mutations of the spike glycoprotein play a particularly vital role in shaping its evolutionary trajectory, as they have the capability to alter its infectivity and antigenicity. We present a time-resolved statistical method, Dynamic Expedition of Leading Mutations (deLemus), to analyze the evolutionary dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein.

Improving esophageal cancer screening across the globe: Translating knowledge into action.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is a pressing global health concern, ranking as the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause for cancer-related deaths worldwide. Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are the two major histological types of esophageal cancer associated with distinct risk factors and geographical distributions. Unfortunately, the outcomes for both types of EC remain discouraging, with a five-year survival rate of less than 20% when diagnosed at advanced stages.

1,2-Difunctionalization of Aryne with Sulfenamide and Organohalide: Mild and Metal-Free Access to -(-Halo)aryl Sulfilimine.

A mild and metal-free approach has been developed for 1,2-difunctionalization of aryne using sulfenamides as a nucleophile and a halogen source (CX) as an electrophile to synthesize -(-halo)aryl sulfilimines. The late-stage functionalizations of halide handles via Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig reactions exhibit the synthetic utilities of the products. The chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, rapidity, and use of economical CCl are the advantages of this protocol.

The Gender Spectrum of In-hospital Survival Post Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Exploring Age-driven Trends.

Background: The study was aimed to evaluate gender difference and age & gender specific interaction of in-hospital outcomes of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 1748 patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI. The study was dichotomised according to gender to evaluate the difference in the outcome.