Tailoring advanced breast cancer treatment after cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors progression - real-world data analysis.

Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) represent the gold standard of the hormone receptor positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative advanced breast cancer. However, optimal treatment after disease progression is a matter of debate. We aimed to assess predictive and prognostic factors associated with the treatment outcome following CDK4/6i progression.

Multilevel mechanism of immune checkpoint inhibitor action in solid tumors: History, present issues and future development.

Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (antibodies that target and block immune checkpoints in the tumor microenvironment) is included in the standard of care for patients with different types of malignancy, such as melanoma, renal cell and urothelial carcinoma, lung cancer etc. The introduction of this new immunotherapy has altered the view on potential targets for treatment of solid tumors from tumor cells themselves to their immune microenvironment; this has led to a reconsideration of the mechanisms of tumor-associated immunity. However, only a subset of patients benefit from immunotherapy and patient response is often unpredictable, even with known initial levels of prognostic markers; the biomarkers for favorable response are still being investigated.

Tumor progression mechanisms: Insights from the central immune regulation of tissue homeostasis.

Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the spread of cancer at the cellular and molecular levels is expanding rapidly. However, the central regulators governing the initiation and the rate of tumor growth remain poorly established. The fundamental principles of innate and adaptive immunity may explain how immune cells generate a specific response to tumor tissue.

Pathogenesis of cerebral palsy through the prism of immune regulation of nervous tissue homeostasis: literature review.

Background: The cerebral palsy is highly actual issue of pediatrics, causing significant neurological disability. Though the great progress in the neuroscience has been recently achieved, the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy is still poorly understood.

Methods: In this work, we reviewed available experimental and clinical data concerning the role of immune cells in pathogenesis of cerebral palsy.