Automated intraoperative central sulcus localization and somatotopic mapping using median nerve stimulation.

. Accurate identification of functional cortical regions is essential in neurological resection. The central sulcus (CS) is an important landmark that delineates functional cortical regions.

Cerebral sinus thrombosis as an initial symptom of acute promyelocytic leukemia: Case report and literature review.

Background: Cerebral sinus thrombosis as presentation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (AMPL) is exceptional, with only three cases registered in the literature.

Case Description: A 24-year-old female patient was transferred to our center after a car accident. The patient had a witnessed generalized seizure while driving.

Pilot study on the effects of low intensity focused ultrasound in a swine model of neuropathic pain.

Objective: The authors' laboratory has previously demonstrated beneficial effects of noninvasive low intensity focused ultrasound (liFUS), targeted at the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), for reducing allodynia in rodent neuropathic pain models. However, in rats the DRG is 5 mm below the skin when approached laterally, while in humans the DRG is typically 5-8 cm deep. Here, using a modified liFUS probe, the authors demonstrated the feasibility of using external liFUS for modulation of antinociceptive responses in neuropathic swine.

Development of a common peroneal nerve injury model in domestic swine for the study of translational neuropathic pain treatments.

Objective: To date, muscular and bone pain have been studied in domestic swine models, but the only neuropathic pain model described in swine is a mixed neuritis model. Common peroneal nerve injury (CPNI) neuropathic pain models have been utilized in both mice and rats.

Methods: The authors developed a swine surgical CPNI model of neuropathic pain.

Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guidelines for Deep Brain Stimulations for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Update of the 2014 Guidelines.

Background: In 2020, the Guidelines Task Force conducted another systematic review of the relevant literature on deep brain stimulation (DBS) for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) to update the original 2014 guidelines to ensure timeliness and accuracy for clinical practice.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of the literature and update the evidence-based guidelines on DBS for OCD.

Methods: The Guidelines Task Force conducted another systematic review of the relevant literature, using the same search terms and strategies as used to search PubMed and Embase for relevant literature.

Postoperative fever workup in pediatric neurosurgery patients.

Objective: Fevers are common in the postoperative period, and adult data indicate that workup for an isolated fever is not warranted in the first 4 postoperative days (PODs). Pediatric literature on the subject similarly questions the value of further investigation during the first 2 PODs. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of acute fever in the postoperative pediatric neurosurgical population, as well as to assess the utility of performing further workup on these patients.

Pituitary hyperplasia causing complete bitemporal hemianopia with resolution following surgical decompression: case report.

In this report, the authors demonstrated that idiopathic pituitary hyperplasia (PH) can cause complete bitemporal hemianopia and amenorrhea, even in the setting of mild anatomical compression of the optic chiasm and normal pituitary function. Furthermore, complete resolution of symptoms can be achieved with surgical decompression. PH can occur in the setting of pregnancy or end-organ insufficiency, as well as with medications such as oral contraceptives and antipsychotics, or it can be idiopathic.

A Systematic Review of Deep Brain Stimulation Targets for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder.

Background: Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disease characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has demonstrated efficacy in improving symptoms in medically refractory patients. Multiple targets have been investigated.

Differences in EEG patterns between tonic and high frequency spinal cord stimulation in chronic pain patients.

Objective: To investigate the differences in neural patterns between spinal cord stimulation (SCS) waveforms (60-Hz tonic vs 10-KHz high frequency stimulation, HFS) and their correlation to stimulation-induced pain relief.

Methods: We recorded 10-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) in response to stimulation ON and OFF in 9 chronic pain patients (4 women, 5 men) during SCS surgery and examined the intraoperative spatio-spectral EEG features.

Results: We discovered stronger relative alpha power in the somatosensory region and higher trend in alpha/theta peak power ratio in frontal cortex with HFS.

Functional Use of Directional Local Field Potentials in the Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation.

Background: Directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) technology aims to address the limitations, such as stimulation-induced side effects, by delivering selective, focal modulation via segmented contacts. However, DBS programming becomes more complex and time-consuming for clinical feasibility. Local field potentials (LFPs) might serve a functional role in guiding clinical programming.

Utility of Postoperative Fever Workup After Craniosynostosis Repair.

Background: Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of ≥1 cranial sutures. Surgical management involves early cranial vault reconstruction. Postoperative management of these patients is often complicated by fever of unknown origin and results in additional laboratory studies, extended hospital intensive care unit stays, and increased cost to the patient.

The shh signaling pathway is upregulated in multiple cell types in cortical ischemia and influences the outcome of stroke in an animal model.

Recently the sonic hedgehog (shh) signaling pathway has been shown to play an important role in regulating repair and regenerative responses after brain injury, including ischemia. However, the precise cellular components that express and upregulate the shh gene and the cellular components that respond to shh signaling remain to be identified. In this study, using a distal MCA occlusion model, our data show that the shh signal is upregulated both at the cortical area near the injury site and in the adjacent striatum.

Subtypes of type I IFN differentially enhance cytokine expression by suboptimally stimulated CD4(+) T cells.

Human type I interferons (IFNs) include IFN-β and 12 subtypes of IFN-α. During viral infection, infiltrating memory CD4(+) T cells are exposed to IFNs, but their impact on memory T-cell function is poorly understood. To address this, we pretreated PBMCs with different IFNs for 16 h before stimulation with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B and measured cytokine expression by flow cytometry.

All-cause mortality and obstructive sleep apnea severity revisited.

Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a pervasive problem that affects millions worldwide. It is strongly linked to hypertension, coronary artery disease, and stroke. However, its association with mortality is not clearly quantified.

An epidemiologic study of snoring and all-cause mortality.

Objective: Snoring is a common problem that is often associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, it is suggested that snoring may itself be harmful. Patients with objectively measured snoring were matched against a mortality database and associations were explored.