HIV CRIMINALIZATION'S ORIGINS, ENFORCEMENT, AND SOCIAL IMPACTS.

This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the ineffectiveness of HIV criminalization and its impact on human rights and public health and to propose improvements in criminal law regulation. The study is based on the empirical and analytical data of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization, legal acts, drafts legal acts, legal practice, and statistics of Ukraine, legal acts of the USA, Germany, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. In total, 21 laws, drafts of laws, other documents, and 26 court decisions were analyzed.

LEGAL AND SOCIAL CHALLENGES OF COVID-19 VACCINATION BEFORE AND AFTER THE 2022 RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE.

Objective: The study aims to develop ways of solving the social and legal problems of vaccination against COVID-19, showing them the example of Ukraine before and after the beginning of the active phase of Russian aggression.

Patients And Methods: The study is based on international documents and legal acts adopted to combat the COVID-19 epidemic, the survey results of 165 ordinary Ukrainians on vaccination, interviewing health care organizers; statistical information, and content analysis of the media on vaccination, as well as ways of avoiding it. Dialectical, analytical-synthetic, system-structural methods, as well as methods of content analysis, questionnaires, interviews, and included observation, were used.

LEGAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED ROBOTS IN FORENSIC PSYCHIATRY.

Objective: The aim: This research aims to analyze the possibilities of using artificial intelligence-based robotics in forensic psychiatry to assess the public hazard of a mentally disabled or suffering from a mental illness to improve the legal framework governing the use of compulsory medical measures.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: This study is based on the Republic of Latvia and Ukraine's regulatory acts and the juridical practice of the Republic of Latvia. Dialectical, comparative, analytic, synthetic, system analyses, and sociological research methods were used.

ENSURING THE CITIZENS' RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN CASE OF COVID-19 VACCINATIO IN THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM.

Objective: The aim: To study the legal and regulatory framework for ensuring the right to health of patients depending on the legal status of coronavirus vaccines in different countries as an essential element influencing the right to public health and other rights of citizens.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: In this paper, we study the legal norms and scientific positions on the above issue using generalized information from scientific journals that use scientific methods from a medical and legal point of view. This article is based on dialectical, comparative, analytical, synthetic, and complex research methods.

ILLEGAL INTERNET PHARMACIES AS A THREAT TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN EUROPE.

Objective: The aim: This article aims to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the dangers of illegal Internet pharmacies for patient safety and public health, the necessity to improve legal instruments, and unite the efforts of governments, professional organizations, and civil society for combating this activity.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: This study is based on the Medicrime Convention, empirical and analytical data of the WHO, Interpol, Europol, NABF, Directive 2011/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of June 8, 2011, the regulatory acts and juridical practice of Ukraine, experts interview of pharmacy practicians, analysis of websites. Totally 18 laws and papers, 34 court judgments, 50 websites were analyzed, six experts were interviewed.

LEGAL MEANS OF ENSURING COMPETITION IN PHARMACY.

Objective: The aim: To research the consequences of pharmacy chains monopolization and establishment of legal means of neutralization of such consequences.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The study is based on acts of the European Union, the United States, and Ukraine and international regulations and documents on health care. The study's materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and specialists in a pharmacy on marketing contracts.

Medical and procedural-legal aspects of inpatient and outpatient forensic psychiatric examination.

Objective: The aim: The aim of the study is to define the legal framework of forensic psychiatric examination commissioned by the court in relation to the competence of medical practitioners and the position of the subject as a patient in the process of forensic psychiatric examination in order to determine the correlation of special legal regulation with criminal and civil procedure regulation and to make proposals for the enhancement of the legal regulation.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: This study is based on the analysis of international law, medical civil procedure and criminal procedure legislation, juridical practice, medical law legal doctrine. The following methods were used in this research: the method of interpretation of legal norms, analysis of legal acts, and the induction-deduction method, upon which the conclusions were drawn and recommendations were provided.

Medical negligence subject to criminal law.

Objective: Introduction: Legal liability for medical negligence should contribute to the protection of patients' rights to life and health. At the same time, unreasonably strict sanctions against physicians should be analyzed much closely. More balanced model of such liability requires serious in-depth research.

Falsification of medical products: criminal law mechanism combating threats to public health.

Objective: Introduction: Every civilized state has the duty to its citizens to create an effective health care system, a necessary component of which is the use of safe and high-quality medical products. This duty is based both on the standards of international law and national constitutional norms and principles. The spread of falsified medical products poses a global threat to public health, can lead to death or cause significant harm to human health.

Improper healthcare marketing: German and Ukrainian experience in prevention.

Objective: Introduction: Improper healthcare marketing is a part of institutional corruption in the pharmaceutical markets, which causes significant harm to public health. Legal measures are an importent component of the mechanism for preventing this phenomenon. The aim: The purpose of the article is to raise awareness and stimulate serious discussion about the necessity to improve the preventative role of law in the field of healthcare marketing by adjusting liability for offenses in this area.

Reproductive function: the protection of the rights of the people which are sent to the area of the fighting.

Objective: Introduction: The issues of problems of the legal regulation of posthumous reproduction in Ukraine and foreign countries are analysis in the article. The author substantiates the necessity in the creation and acceptance of the State Program of the retrieval of reproductive cells in people who are sending to the area of the fighting. The aim:the purpose of our work is a comprehensive study of post-mortem (post-mortem) reproduction and substantiation of the possibility and necessity of adopting a state program for the selection of reproductive cells of individuals who are sent to a combat zone to ensure their full social protection and assistance in the realization of the right to fatherhood or motherhood.

Legal protection of public health through control over genetically modified food.

Objective: Introduction: Science is constantly being developed which leads to both positive and negative changes in public health and the environment. One of the results of scientific progress is introduction of food based on genetically modified organisms whose effects on human health, to date, remain scantily studied and are ambiguous. The aim: to determine how human health can be influenced by food production based on genetically modified organisms.

Legal aspects of cancer deseases prophylactics: patients rights context.

Objective: Introduction: In accordance with Resolution on Cancer Control WHA58.22 Cancer prevention and control The Fifty-eighth World Health Assembly it is obvious technology for diagnosis and treatment of cancer is mature, and that many cases of cancer may be cured, especially if detected earlier Some key points on concept of legal regulation of abovementioned sphere is a base of this study. However, the problems of using an effective mechanism for protecting the rights of patients in certain types of disease, in particular cancer patients, by providing early diagnosis, are not fully developed by medical law specialists.

Medical device software: defining key terms.

Introduction: one of the areas of significant growth in medical devices has been the role of software - as an integral component of a medical device, as a standalone device and more recently as applications on mobile devices. The risk related to a malfunction of the standalone software used within healthcare is in itself not a criterion for its qualification or not as a medical device. It is therefore, necessary to clarify some criteria for the qualification of stand-alone software as medical devices Materials and methods: Ukrainian, European Union, United States of America legislation, Guidelines developed by European Commission and Food and Drug Administration's, recommendations represented by international voluntary group and scientific works.