Wolbachia in Antarctic terrestrial invertebrates: Absent or undiscovered?

Interactions between a host organism and its associated microbiota, including symbiotic bacteria, play a crucial role in host adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Antarctica provides a unique environment for the establishment and maintenance of symbiotic relationships. One of the most extensively studied symbiotic bacteria in invertebrates is Wolbachia pipientis, which is associated with a wide variety of invertebrates.

THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON INDICATORS OF LIPID AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN PATIENTS WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE ON THE BACKGROUND OF ABDOMINAL OBESITY.

Objective: The aim: Analyse the impact and effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy in patients with NAFLD on the background of AO on indicators of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: 85 patients with NAFLD and obesity of the 1st degree (42 women, 43 men) were examined. All patients were divided into two clinical groups: 1st group (research) - 48 people, who underwent a course of CBT for 6 months; the control group - 37 people, who followed only diet therapy, recommended physical activity, without involvement in CBT.

Back to the roots, desiccation and radiation resistances are ancestral characters in bdelloid rotifers.

Background: Bdelloid rotifers are micro-invertebrates distributed worldwide, from temperate latitudes to the most extreme areas of the planet like Antarctica or the Atacama Desert. They have colonized any habitat where liquid water is temporarily available, including terrestrial environments such as soils, mosses, and lichens, tolerating desiccation and other types of stress such as high doses of ionizing radiation (IR). It was hypothesized that bdelloid desiccation and radiation resistance may be attributed to their potential ability to repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs).

A living bdelloid rotifer from 24,000-year-old Arctic permafrost.

In natural, permanently frozen habitats, some organisms may be preserved for hundreds to tens of thousands of years. For example, stems of Antarctic moss were successfully regrown from an over millennium-old sample covered by ice for about 400 years. Likewise, whole campion plants were regenerated from seed tissue preserved in relict 32,000-year-old permafrost, and nematodes were revived from the permafrost of two localities in northeastern Siberia, with source sediments dated over 30,000 years BP.

EATING BEHAVIOUR AND OBESITY: GENDER-AGE FEATURES.

Objective: The aim: Identify the types of eating behaviour in overweight and obesity depending on gender and age.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: A survey of 210 people (men -105, women -105) was conducted. The age of women ranged from 19 to 60 years, the average age was 41.

No evidence for accumulation of deleterious mutations and fitness degradation in clonal fish hybrids: Abandoning sex without regrets.

Despite its inherent costs, sexual reproduction is ubiquitous in nature, and the mechanisms to protect it from a competitive displacement by asexuality remain unclear. Popular mutation-based explanations, like the Muller's ratchet and the Kondrashov's hatchet, assume that purifying selection may not halt the accumulation of deleterious mutations in the nonrecombining genomes, ultimately leading to their degeneration. However, empirical evidence is scarce and it remains particularly unclear whether mutational degradation proceeds fast enough to ensure the decay of clonal organisms and to prevent them from outcompeting their sexual counterparts.

Bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera, Bdelloidea) of China: diversity and new records.

Bdelloid rotifers are a group of microscopic invertebrates known for their obligate parthenogenesis and exceptional resistance to extreme environments. Their diversity and distributions are poorly studied in Asia, especially in China. In order to better understand the species distribution and diversity of bdelloid rotifers in China, a scientific surveys of habitats was conducted with 61 samples (both terrestrial and aquatic habitats) from 11 provinces and regions of China, ranging from tropics to subtropics with a specific focus on poorly sampled areas (Oriental) during September 2017 to October 2018.

Biotope and biocenosis of cryoconite hole ecosystems on Ecology Glacier in the maritime Antarctic.

Despite recent great interest in glacier ecosystems in the continental Antarctic, little is known about their maritime counterparts. Our study presents descriptive data on cryoconite sediments and cryoconite holes on Ecology Glacier (King George Island) to accomplish three main objectives: (a) to identify main eukaryotic (algae, invertebrates) and prokaryotic (cyanobacteria) components of microbial communities; (b) to provide a "baseline" of community composition, organic matter and artificial contamination; and (c) to identify key abiotic factors that might be important in community assembly. Cryoconite holes were sampled along an altitudinal gradient of Ecology Glacier in January, mid Austral Summer 2017.

Methods of transmission and features of the course of hepatitis c virus infection in children: medical and social aspects.

Objective: Introduction: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global problem. According to WHO, 150-200 million people globally have hepatitis C infection. Even though HCV infection morbidity rate in children is relatively low in comparison with the adult population, approximately 5 million children in the world have active HCV.

Medico-social value of osteoarthritis. secondary prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis in comorbidity with chronic gastritis.

Objective: Introduction: Medico-social significance of osteoarthritis is due to a number of factors, one of which is associated with the need for long-term anti-inflammatory therapy, which is associated with undesirable side effects. The aim: Identify the features of the course of chronic gastritis in patients taking selective NSAIDs for osteoarthritis.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: Were examined 122 patients with osteoarthrosis, who had verified chronic gastritis in the anamnesis (50 males and 72 females), aged from 42 to 64.

Hybrid asexuality as a primary postzygotic barrier between nascent species: On the interconnection between asexuality, hybridization and speciation.

Although sexual reproduction is ubiquitous throughout nature, the molecular machinery behind it has been repeatedly disrupted during evolution, leading to the emergence of asexual lineages in all eukaryotic phyla. Despite intensive research, little is known about what causes the switch from sexual reproduction to asexuality. Interspecific hybridization is one of the candidate explanations, but the reasons for the apparent association between hybridization and asexuality remain unclear.

Platyzoan paraphyly based on phylogenomic data supports a noncoelomate ancestry of spiralia.

Based on molecular data three major clades have been recognized within Bilateria: Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa, and Spiralia. Within Spiralia, small-sized and simply organized animals such as flatworms, gastrotrichs, and gnathostomulids have recently been grouped together as Platyzoa. However, the representation of putative platyzoans was low in the respective molecular phylogenetic studies, in terms of both, taxon number and sequence data.