Real-World Effectiveness of Newly Initiated Systemic Therapy for Atopic Dermatitis in the United States: A Claims Database Analysis.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is associated with significant quality-of-life and economic burdens. Real-world evidence is needed to identify optimal treatment pathways for AD. Here we evaluate real-world effectiveness of systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe AD in the USA.

Phase 3 efficacy and safety of abrocitinib in adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis after switching from dupilumab (JADE EXTEND).

Background: Abrocitinib efficacy by prior dupilumab response status in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis has not previously been assessed in phase 3 studies.

Objective: Examine efficacy and safety of abrocitinib among patients who received prior dupilumab.

Methods: Patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis received abrocitinib 200 mg or 100 mg once daily in JADE EXTEND (phase 3 extension) after dupilumab in double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 JADE COMPARE.

Rapidity of Improvement in Signs/Symptoms of Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis by Body Region with Abrocitinib in the Phase 3 JADE COMPARE Study.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) can affect multiple body regions and is especially burdensome when involving exposed skin areas. Rapid, effective treatment of AD across body regions remains an unmet need, particularly for difficult-to-treat areas such as the head and neck area. We investigated the temporal and regional patterns of clinical improvement in AD with the use of abrocitinib, an orally available Janus kinase 1 selective inhibitor under development for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD.

Assessment of the Effects of Inhibition or Induction of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 Enzymes, or Inhibition of OAT3, on the Pharmacokinetics of Abrocitinib and Its Metabolites in Healthy Individuals.

Background And Objective: Abrocitinib is a Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Abrocitinib is eliminated primarily by metabolism involving cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Abrocitinib pharmacologic activity is attributable to the unbound concentrations of the parent molecule and 2 active metabolites, which are substrates of organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3).

Wound healing protects against chemotherapy-induced alopecia in young rats via up-regulating interleukin-1β-mediated signaling.

Wound healing is a complex process regulated by various cell types and a plethora of mediators. While interactions between wounded skin and the hair follicles (HFs) could induce HF neogenesis or promote wound healing, it remains unknown whether the wound healing-associated signaling milieu can be manipulated to protect against alopecia, such as chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). Utilizing a well-established neonatal rat model of CIA, we show here that skin wounding protects from alopecia caused by several clinically relevant chemotherapeutic regimens, and that protection is dependent on the time of wounding and hair cycle stage.

Acral melanocytic lesions in the United States: Prevalence, awareness, and dermoscopic patterns in skin-of-color and non-Hispanic white patients.

Background: Acral lentiginous melanoma has increased mortality compared with other melanoma subtypes and disproportionately affects ethnic minorities. Acral melanocytic lesions have not been well studied in diverse populations of the United States.

Objective: We sought to assess the prevalence, awareness, and dermoscopic patterns of acral melanocytic lesions in skin-of-color and non-Hispanic white patients.

The effects of caffeine on wound healing.

The purine alkaloid caffeine is a major component of many beverages such as coffee and tea. Caffeine and its metabolites theobromine and xanthine have been shown to have antioxidant properties. Caffeine can also act as adenosine-receptor antagonist.

Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Wound Epithelialization.

Over the years, it has become clear that, in addition to performing their regular duties in immune defense, the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system are important regulators of the complex series of events that lead to wound healing. Immune cells modulate wound healing by promoting cellular cross-talk; they secrete signaling molecules, including cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. In line with the major effort in wound healing research to find efficient therapeutic agents for the constantly increasing number of patients with chronic wounds, findings regarding the contributions of innate and adaptive immune responses to the re-epithelialization of damaged skin may bring novel therapeutics.

Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review.

Keratinocytes, a major cellular component of the epidermis, are responsible for restoring the epidermis after injury through a process termed epithelialization. This review will focus on the pivotal role of keratinocytes in epithelialization, including cellular processes and mechanisms of their regulation during re-epithelialization, and their cross talk with other cell types participating in wound healing. Discoveries in epidermal stem cells, keratinocyte immune function, and the role of the epidermis as an independent neuroendocrine organ will be reviewed.

A systematic approach to Afro-textured hair disorders: dermatoscopy and when to biopsy.

Trichoscopy facilitates the diagnosis of various hair and scalp disorders and is often useful in predicting the disease course. However, to date, few studies describe the dermoscopic findings unique to Afro-textured hair. This article reviews what is currently known regarding trichoscopy and discusses its usefulness in this population.

The importance of wound biopsy in the accurate diagnosis of acral malignant melanoma presenting as a foot ulcer.

Neoplastic changes arising at the sites of chronic, nonhealing wounds are not uncommon; however, they often go undiagnosed. We report a case of rapidly progressing plantar melanoma presenting as a chronic, nonhealing ulcer. A 46-year-old patient presented at a specialized Wound Healing Center with an enlarging painful ulcer on the right heel of 3 months duration.

Increased number of Langerhans cells in the epidermis of diabetic foot ulcers correlates with healing outcome.

Langerhans cells (LCs) are a specialized subset of epidermal dendritic cells. They represent one of the first cells of immunologic barrier and play an important role during the inflammatory phase of acute wound healing. Despite considerable progress in our understanding of the immunopathology of diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), considerable gaps in our knowledge exist.

Acne in patients with skin of color: practical management.

Acne vulgaris is a prevalent and non-discriminatory condition affecting individuals of all races and ethnicities. As people with skin of color make up a rapidly expanding segment of the US population, dermatologic care must evolve accordingly to address their distinct concerns. Patients with skin of color with acne can be particularly challenging, given their potential for cosmetically disturbing complications, including post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and keloid development.

Pulsed dye laser for the treatment of nail psoriasis.

Psoriasis can involve the skin, joints, and nails, either alone or in combination. Psoriasis of the nails can involve both the nail bed and nail matrix. The treatment of nail psoriasis largely depends on the severity of symptoms.

Coma blisters in two postoperative patients.

Coma blisters are self-limited cutaneous bullae that occur in the setting of loss of consciousness because of a drug, illness, or accident, with the most common settings being barbiturate overdose and neurological disorders. The etiology behind coma blisters is poorly understood and is not related to underlying infections or autoimmune conditions. The clinical presentation consists of bullae, erosions, and violaceous plaques usually involving sites of pressure.

Persistent adeno-associated virus 2 and parvovirus B19 sequences in post-mortem human cerebellum.

We previously reported in a large cohort (N = 104) of post-mortem tissues the detection of both the non-pathogenic adeno-associated virus (AAV2) in approximately 13% and the pathogenic human parvovirus B19 (B19) in approximately 42% of human brains, particularly the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Multiple animal parvoviruses target the developing cerebellum (CBLM) resulting in hypoplasia and ataxia, but very little is known about the human parvoviruses and their ability to infect or cause disease in the CBLM. We have now confirmed in the above cohort the presence of AAV2 and B19 sequences in the CBLM.