Prevalence of Steatotic Liver Disease Subtypes and Association With Metabolic Risk Factors in the Framingham Heart Study.

Recent updates in nomenclature and diagnostic criteria encompass the diverse phenotypes associated with steatotic liver disease (SLD). These updates aim to reflect the current understanding of SLD, promote disease awareness and research, and reduce stigma. Notably, the term metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is defined as hepatic steatosis with at least 1 of 5 cardiometabolic criteria without any other cause of steatosis.

A Clinicopathological Appraisal of Duodenal Neuroendocrine Tumors at a Racially Diverse Safety Net Hospital.

Introduction: Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding clinicopathological profiling as well as treatment, surveillance, and survival of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (dNETs).

Methods: We clinicopathologically characterized and identified racial differences among patients with dNETs at a large safety net hospital. Tumor grades were updated based on the World Health Organization 2019 NET classification, and overall survival was determined.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Gut Microbiome: A Comprehensive Review.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional disorder of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It has a prevalence of 10 to 25% in the United States and has a high disease burden, as evidenced by reduced quality of life, decreased work productivity and increased healthcare utilization and costs. IBS has been associated with several intra-intestinal and extra-intestinal conditions, including psychiatric comorbidities.

NCCN Risk Reclassification in Black Men with Low and Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer After Genomic Testing.

Objectives: To assess the utility of genomic testing in risk-stratifying Black patients with low and intermediate risk prostate cancer.

Methods: We retrospectively identified 63 Black men deemed eligible for active surveillance based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines, who underwent OncotypeDx Genomic Prostate Score testing between April 2016 and July 2020. Nonparametric statistical testing was used to compare relevant features between patients reclassified to a higher NCCN risk after genomic testing and those who were not reclassified.

Relationship between impulsivity, uncontrolled eating and body mass index: a hierarchical model.

Background: Impulsivity increases the risk for obesity and weight gain. However, the precise role of impulsivity in the aetiology of overeating behavior and obesity is currently unknown. Here we examined the relationships between personality-related measures of impulsivity, Uncontrolled Eating, body mass index (BMI), and longitudinal weight changes.

Removal of a Steel Ring Causing Penile Strangulation Without the Use of Powered Tools or Sharp Blades.

Penile strangulation is an uncommon urologic emergency that requires prompt evaluation and treatment to avoid disastrous consequences. Strangulation has been reported with objects ranging from hair tourniquets, to plastic rings, to iron rings. Strangulation with these devices can result in vascular congestion of the penis, swelling and eventual gangrene of the penis distal to the constricting device.

Dissociation of Adaptive Thermogenesis from Glucose Homeostasis in Microbiome-Deficient Mice.

Recent studies suggest that a key mechanism whereby the gut microbiome influences energy balance and glucose homeostasis is through the recruitment of brown and beige adipocytes, primary mediators of the adaptive thermogenic response. To test this, we assessed energy expenditure and glucose metabolism in two complementary mouse models of gut microbial deficiency, which were exposed to a broad range of thermal and dietary stresses. Neither ablation of the gut microbiome, nor the substantial microbial perturbations induced by cold ambient temperatures, influenced energy expenditure during cold exposure or high-fat feeding.

Jerky Movement with Ceftazidime: A Case of Ceftazidime-Induced Neurotoxicity with a Review of the Literature.

Neurotoxicity manifested as confusion and seizures has been recognized as a side effect of multiple cephalosporins including ceftazidime. Renal impairment and inappropriate dosing are the most common contributors to the development of neurological abnormalities in patients receiving these antibiotics. The presence of baseline neurological abnormalities likely contributes to the frequency of these adverse events.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 377 Adult Patients from the United States.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) is a rare, severe mucocutaneous reaction with few large cohorts reported. This multicenter retrospective study included patients with SJS/TEN seen by inpatient consultative dermatologists at 18 academic medical centers in the United States. A total of 377 adult patients with SJS/TEN between January 1, 2000 and June 1, 2015 were entered, including 260 of 377 (69%) from 2010 onward.

Non-response to Interleukin-1 Antagonist Canakinumab in Two Patients with Refractory Pyoderma Gangrenosum and Hidradenitis Suppurativa.

Pyoderma gangrenosum and hidradenitis suppurativa are skin conditions characterized by an intense neutrophil-mediated inflammatory response that is often difficult to effectively treat. Successful use of interleukin (IL)-1β inhibition using canakinumab and anakinra has been reported in patients with concomitant pyoderma gangrenosum and hidradenitis suppurativa. We report two cases where targeted therapy with canakinumab failed to lead to improvement for patients with pyoderma gangrenosum and hidradenitis suppurativa.

Dermatology hospital fellowships: present and future.

The question of what makes a successful dermatology hospitalist has risen to the forefront due to the rapidly increasing number of these providers. Inpatient dermatology fellowships have formed as a direct consequence. Though mostly in their infancy, these programs have primary or secondary goals to train providers in the dermatologic care of the hospitalized patient.

Updates in adult-onset Still disease: Atypical cutaneous manifestations and associations with delayed malignancy.

Adult-onset Still disease (AOSD) is a systemic inflammatory disorder that is clinically characterized by a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms and signs. Though an evanescent eruption is the classic cutaneous finding, recent literature has highlighted atypical rashes associated with Still disease. A second emerging concept in presentations of AOSD is its association with malignancy.

S-nitrosothiol transport via PEPT2 mediates biological effects of nitric oxide gas exposure in macrophages.

The pharmacological effects of nitric oxide (NO) administered as a gas are dependent on the conversion to S-nitrosocysteine, and as such are largely mediated by the L-type amino-acid transporters (LATs) in several cell types. The dipeptide transporter PEPT2 has been proposed as a second route for S-nitrosothiol (SNO) transport, but this has never been demonstrated. Because NO governs important immune functions in alveolar macrophages, we exposed rat alveolar macrophages (primary and NR8383 cells) to NO gas at the air-liquid interface ± LPS stimulation in the presence of PEPT2 substrate Cys-Gly (or the LAT substrate L-Cys) ± transporter competitors.