A molecular metal-organic cage as a recyclable sponge for PFOS removal from water.

A metal-organic cage (MOC) is shown to be an efficient molecular sponge for PFOS. A large association constant is observed for the 2 : 1 PFOS : MOC host-guest complex. Up to 12 equivalents of PFOS per MOC are removed from water.

Noninvasive pediatric blood pressure assessment: exploring the clinicians' perspective.

Background: Obtaining accurate and reliable blood pressure (BP) readings in pediatric patients is challenging, given difficulties in adhering to measurement guidelines, limited device validation and variable patient cooperation. This study aimed to investigate clinicians' perspectives surrounding noninvasive pediatric BP assessment to identify opportunities for improvement in BP technology and clinical practice.

Method: Based on an adapted version of the extended Technology Acceptance Model 2, semi-structured interviews were conducted with clinicians involved in noninvasive pediatric BP assessment in a major Australian children's hospital.

The glycoimmune checkpoint receptor Siglec-7 interacts with T-cell ligands and regulates T-cell activation.

Siglec-7 (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 7) is a glycan-binding immune receptor that is emerging as a significant target of interest for cancer immunotherapy. The physiological ligands that bind Siglec-7, however, remain incompletely defined. In this study, we characterized the expression of Siglec-7 ligands on peripheral immune cell subsets and assessed whether Siglec-7 functionally regulates interactions between immune cells.

How developmental coordination disorder affects daily life: The adolescent perspective.

Background: Few studies have focused on the implications of developmental coordination disorder (DCD) in the teen years. Understanding the unique needs of adolescents with DCD and the challenges they face are imperative to inform clinical care.

Aim: To understand how DCD affects daily life from adolescents living with the disorder.

Identification of association fibers using ex vivo diffusion tractography in Alexander disease brains.

Alexander disease (AxD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by heterozygous Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein mutation. The characteristic structural findings of AxD, such as leukodystrophic features, are well known, while association fibers of AxD remain uninvestigated. The aim of this study was to explore global and subcortical fibers in four brains with AxD using ex vivo diffusion tractography METHODS: High-angular-resolution diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (HARDI) tractography and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) tractography were used to evaluate long and short association fibers and compared to histological findings in brain specimens obtained from four donors with AxD and two donors without neurological disorders RESULTS: AxD brains showed impairment of long association fibers, except for the arcuate fasciculus and cingulum bundle, and abnormal trajectories of the inferior longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi on HARDI tractography and loss of multidirectionality in subcortical fibers on DTI tractography.

Cortical thickness abnormalities in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder revealed by structural magnetic resonance imaging: Newborns to young adults.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition for which we have an incomplete understanding, and so brain imaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be able to assist in characterising and understanding the presentation of the brain in an ADHD population. Statistical and computational methods were used to compare participants with ADHD and neurotypical controls at a variety of developmental stages to assess detectable abnormal neurodevelopment potentially associated with ADHD and to assess our ability to diagnose and characterise the condition from real-world clinical MRI examinations. T1-weighted structural MRI examinations (n = 993; 0-31 years old [YO]) were obtained from neurotypical controls, and 637 examinations were obtained from patients with ADHD (0-26 YO).

Bridging Glycomics and Genomics: New Uses of Functional Genetics in the Study of Cellular Glycosylation.

All living cells are coated with a diverse collection of carbohydrate molecules called glycans. Glycans are key regulators of cell behavior and important therapeutic targets for human disease. Unlike proteins, glycans are not directly templated by discrete genes.

Normative blood pressure response to exercise stress testing in children and adolescents.

Objective: To describe normative values for blood pressure (BP) response to maximal exercise in children/adolescents undergoing a treadmill stress test.

Methods: From a retrospective analysis of medical records, patients who had undergone a Bruce protocol exercise stress test, with (1) normal cardiovascular system and (2) a body mass index percentile rank below 95% were included for analysis. Sex, age, height, weight, resting and peak heart rate, resting and peak systolic blood pressure (SBP), test duration, stage of Bruce protocol at termination, reason for undergoing the test and reason for termination of test were collected.

Structural and Diffusion MRI Analyses With Histological Observations in Patients With Lissencephaly.

The development of cortical convolutions, gyri and sulci, is a complex process that takes place during prenatal development. Lissencephaly, a rare genetic condition characterized by the lack of cortical convolutions, offers a model to look into biological processes that lead to the development of convolutions. Retrospective, qualitative, and quantitative analyses of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were performed in patients with lissencephaly ( = 10) and age-/sex-matched controls ( = 10).

Structural magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates abnormal cortical thickness in Down syndrome: Newborns to young adults.

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of all or part of chromosome 21 and is characterized by intellectual disability. We performed a retrospective analysis of 47 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of participants with DS (aged 5 to 22 years) and compared them with a large cohort of 854 brain MRIs obtained from neurotypical participants (aged 5 to 32 years) with the objective of assessing the clinical presentation of Down syndrome, towards better understanding the neurological development associated with the condition. An additional cohort of 26 MRI exams from patients with DS and 139 exams from neurotypical participants (aged 0-5 years) are included as part of a supplementary analysis.

Absence of cytotoxic and inflammatory effects following in vitro exposure of chondrogenically-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells to adenosine, lidocaine and Mg solution.

Background: ALM solution, a combination of adenosine, lidocaine and Mg, is an emerging small volume therapy that has been shown to prevent and correct coagulopathy and surgery-related inflammation in preclinical models, though its application in orthopaedic surgery is yet to be demonstrated. The effect of ALM solution on chondrocytes is unknown. The aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the effect of ALM solution on viability and inflammatory responses of chondrogenically-differentiated human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (chondro-MSC), in vitro.

Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates Abnormal Regionally-Differential Cortical Thickness Variability in Autism: From Newborns to Adults.

Autism is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction and restricted/repetitive behavior. We performed a large-scale retrospective analysis of 1,996 clinical neurological structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of 781 autistic and 988 control subjects (aged 0-32 years), and extracted regionally distributed cortical thickness measurements, including average measurements as well as standard deviations which supports the assessment of intra-regional cortical thickness variability. The youngest autistic participants (<2.

Regional volumetric abnormalities in pediatric autism revealed by structural magnetic resonance imaging.

Autism is a group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, restricted and repetitive behavior. We performed a large-scale retrospective analysis of 1,996 structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of the brain from 1,769 autistic and neurologically typically developing patients (aged 0-32 years), and extracted regional volumetric measurements distributed across 463 brain regions of each patient. The youngest autistic patients (<2.

A Sorting Statistic with Application in Neurological Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Autism.

Effect size refers to the assessment of the extent of differences between two groups of samples on a single measurement. Assessing effect size in medical research is typically accomplished with Cohen's statistic. Cohen's statistic assumes that average values are good estimators of the position of a distribution of numbers and also assumes Gaussian (or bell-shaped) underlying data distributions.

Cerebellar Pathways in Mouse Model of Purkinje Cell Degeneration Detected by High-Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging Tractography.

Cerebellar MR imaging has several challenging aspects, due to the fine, repetitive layered structure of cortical folia with underlying axonal pathways. In this MR study, we imaged with high-angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) abnormal cerebellar cortical structure (gray matter) and myelinated axonal pathways (white matter) of a mouse spontaneous mutation, Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd), in which almost all Purkinje neurons degenerate, mainly between postnatal days 20 and 35. Mouse brains at postnatal day 20 (P20) and at 8 months were scanned, and known or expected abnormalities, such as reduction of the white matter volume, disorganized pathways likely linked to parallel fibers, mossy fibers, and other fibers running from/to the cerebellar cortex were observed in mutant mice.