Clinical Data Do Not Reliably Predict Duodenal Histology at Follow-up in Celiac Disease: A 13 Center Correlative Study.

Validated nonbiopsy methods to assure duodenal mucosal healing in celiac disease are lacking, yet ongoing mucosal injury is associated with anemia, osteoporosis, and lymphoma. Most providers utilize clinical data as surrogates of mucosal status to avoid additional esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The reliability of such surrogates to predict mucosal recovery has been incompletely evaluated.

Clinicopathological significance of neutrophil-rich colorectal carcinoma.

Aims: The importance of the interaction between tumour cells and neutrophils has recently begun to emerge. However, the significance of tumour-infiltrating neutrophil (TIN) in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic significance of TIN in CRCs.

Elective Colectomy in a Patient with Active Ulcerative Colitis and Metastatic Melanoma Enabling Successful Treatment with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy has significantly advanced treatment of a growing number of advanced malignancies. A consequences of immune system activation that leads to tumor cell destruction by checkpoint inhibitor therapy is the development of immune-related adverse events, some of which can be life threatening. There are limited data on the use of checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with preexisting autoimmunity owing to concerns that underlying autoimmune disease may be exacerbated by checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Frontiers in Celiac Disease: Where Autoimmunity and Environment Meet.

Celiac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy driven by dietary gluten found in genetically susceptible hosts. It has a worldwide distribution, is one of the most common autoimmune disorders globally, and is the only autoimmune condition for which the trigger is known. Despite advances in characterizing mechanisms of disease, gaps in understanding of celiac disease pathogenesis remain.

Intestinal metaplasia around the gastroesophageal junction is frequently associated with antral reactive gastropathy: implications for carcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction.

Increasing evidence suggests that bile reflux (BR) plays a major role in mucosal injury, leading to adenocarcinoma of the proximal stomach and distal esophagus. However, gastric BR is difficult to diagnose and investigate. Reactive gastropathy (RG), in the absence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and other known causes, likely represents bile-mediated injury to the gastric mucosa.

Graft-Versus-Host Disease After Pancreatic Transplantation.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation but can rarely occur after solid organ transplants. Small bowel and liver transplants are typically implicated, but solid organ transplant-associated GVHD has also been associated with other organs. We present a 40-year-old diabetic woman who underwent renal followed by pancreatic transplantation over a span of 21 months and ultimately developed acute classic GVHD.

Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Gastrointestinal Tract and Pancreas.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and pancreas are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms characterized by common cellular features as well as unique site-specific traits. GI and pancreatic NENs are much rarer than the more common adenocarcinomas arising at these sites. However, the incidences of GI and pancreatic NENs have increased significantly, particularly in the stomach and common site, followed by rectum, appendix, colon, and stomach.

Adverse Histologic Features in Colorectal Nonpedunculated Malignant Polyps With Nodal Metastasis.

Tumor differentiation, lymphovascular invasion, margin status, polyp shape, and size are important parameters of malignant polyps (pT1) indicating possible node metastasis, which justifies a surgery. However, the size, margin, and lymphovascular invasion are often unknown or difficult to assess in a piecemeal polypectomy from a nonpedunculated malignant polyp. The aim of the study was to identify adverse histologic features in nonpedunculated malignant polyps associated with an increased risk of nodal metastasis, which may warrant a colectomy procedure.

Glucose Metabolic Reprogramming and Cell Proliferation Arrest in Colorectal Micropapillary Carcinoma.

Background: Micropapillary carcinoma (MPC) has been reported as an aggressive variant of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) associated with frequent lymphovascular invasion and poor outcome. Altered glycogen metabolism by metabolic reprogramming plays a critical role for cancer cell growth and survival. We aimed to investigate glucose metabolic reprogramming in colorectal MPC.

Breast cancer histopathology is predictive of low-risk Oncotype Dx recurrence score.

Background: Oncotype Dx is a genetic test that has been incorporated into the 2017 AJCC breast cancer staging system for ER positive, HER2-negative, lymph node-negative patients to predict the risk of recurrence. Recent data suggest that immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67) and histologic subtype may identify patients that will not benefit from Oncotype Dx testing.

Methods: A total of 371 patients underwent Oncotype Dx testing at our institution from 2012 to 2016.

Metabolic Signature on 18F-FDG PET/CT, HER2 Status, and Survival in Gastric Adenocarcinomas.

Unlabelled: The human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing (HER2-positive [HER2+]) gastric (GC) and gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas (GEJC) are felt to represent a more aggressive form of disease, which may correlate to increased metabolic activity. Whether tumor SUV measured by F-FDG PET/CT could be a preoperative parameter used to predict HER2 status of GC/GEJC is unknown.

Methods: Pathology reports of HER2+ GC/GEJC biopsies and resections from 31 patients were reviewed and compared with HER2-negative (HER2-) cases distributed evenly over the same time period.

Autologous Stem Cell Mobilization in the Age of Plerixafor.

Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation remains important in the treatment of myeloma and relapsed lymphoma. Plerixafor has been shown to significantly enhance stem cell mobilization but is very expensive.

Patients And Methods: We evaluated plerixafor use in the 3-year period after its approval in December 2008.

Fungal Mycotic Aneurysm of the Internal Carotid Artery Associated with Sphenoid Sinusitis in an Immunocompromised Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

In immunocompromised patients, invasive molds such as Aspergillus and Mucor can lead to locally aggressive angioinvasive infections that are often life-threatening. A particularly devastating complication is the development of a fungal mycotic aneurysm resulting from invasion of the arterial wall. Due to anatomic contiguity, the sphenoid sinus provides potential access for these fungi, which often colonize the respiratory sinuses, into the cavernous sinus and internal carotid artery (ICA), thus leading to the formation of ICA aneurysms.