Is there a Link between Vitamin B and Multiple Sclerosis?

Background: Damage to the myelin sheath (demyelination) is one of the main manifestations of multiple sclerosis (MS). Interestingly, both MS and vitamin B deficiencies result in severe myelin degeneration, leading to loss in neuronal signal transmission.

Objective: Deficiency in vitamin B complex vary, although common symptoms include fatigue, increased oxidative stress, inflammation and demyelination.

Pigment epithelium-derived factor upregulates collagen I and downregulates matrix metalloproteinase 2 in osteosarcoma cells, and colocalises to collagen I and heat shock protein 47 in fetal and adult bone.

Objective: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) has proven anti-osteosarcoma activity. However, the mechanism(s) underpinning its ability to reduce primary bone tumour (osteosarcoma) metastasis is unknown.

Methods: Adult and fetal murine bone were immunostained for PEDF, collagen I (major protein in bone) and its processing proteins, heat shock protein 47 (HSP47, a chaperone protein for collagen I), membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, a collagenase), and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2, which is activated by MT1-MMP).

Vitamin D: metabolism, molecular mechanisms, and mutations to malignancies.

The potential protective effects of vitamin D against cutaneous carcinogenesis are still poorly understood. The inhibition, by vitamin D, of various cancers in in vitro and in vivo models has triggered detailed investigation of vitamin D effects on neoplastic behavior. Recent studies highlight that such neoplastic features as the tumor microenvironment, angiogenesis, DNA mutagenesis, and apoptosis are all connected to vitamin D metabolic pathways.

Role of vitamin D metabolism in cutaneous tumour formation and progression.

Objectives: Very limited information is available on the role of vitamin D in skin carcinogenesis. For most individuals, skin cancer can be readily managed with surgery; however, some patients may face life-threatening neoplasia. Sun exposure, specifically UV radiation, is a causative agent for development of skin cancer, though, somewhat ironically, sunlight through the production of vitamin D may have protective effect against some skin cancers.