Mental Health during Medical Transition in a US and Canadian Sample of Early Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth.

Purpose: This study aimed to shed light on the mental health of a unique group of medically transitioning transgender adolescents: those who had made a binary social transition during childhood and who, in general, had not experienced substantial gender-incongruent puberty.

Methods: Study participants were part of a broader longitudinal study comprising 3 groups: transgender youth, their cisgender siblings, and unrelated cisgender peers. Using multilevel models, we compared self-reported and parent-reported levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms among transgender youth at 3 stages: before youth had begun puberty blockers; after they had begun blockers; and after they had begun hormone therapy.

Gender identity importance in cisgender and gender diverse adolescents in the US and Canada.

Transgender adolescents often categorize themselves in the same way that cisgender adolescents do-that is, as girls/women and boys/men. Potential differences in the extent to which these self-categorizations matter to transgender and cisgender adolescents, however, have yet to be explored, as has the relative importance transgender adolescents place on their gender compared to their transgender self-categorization. In the current study, we explored self-reported identity importance in a sample of 392 primarily White (70%) and multiracial/ethnic (20%) 12-18-year-old (M = 15.

Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) children and adolescents are an increasingly visible yet highly stigmatized group. These youth experience more psychological distress than not only their cisgender, heterosexual peers but also their cisgender, sexual minority peers. In this review, we document these mental health disparities and discuss potential explanations for them using a minority stress framework.

A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Between Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Medical Residents: A Report from the Medical Trainee CHANGE Study.

The pervasiveness of sexual minority stressors in the U.S. medical training environment is well documented, yet little is known about the mental health impact of such stressors on sexual minority medical residents.

Contact and role modeling predict bias against lesbian and gay individuals among early-career physicians: A longitudinal study.

Rationale: Physician bias against sexual minorities can hinder the delivery of high-quality health care and thus contribute to the disproportionate prevalence of negative health outcomes within this population. Medical students' interpersonal experiences within the context of medical school may contribute to this bias.

Objective: The goal of the current research was to examine the relationship between these interpersonal experiences, reported by heterosexual, cisgender medical students, and explicit and implicit bias against lesbians and gay individuals, reported two years later during second year of medical residency.

Association of Racial Bias With Burnout Among Resident Physicians.

Importance: Burnout, a syndrome characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a decreased sense of efficacy, is common among resident physicians, and negative emotional states may increase the expression of prejudices, which are associated with racial disparities in health care. Whether racial bias varies by symptoms of burnout among resident physicians is unknown.

Objective: To assess the association between burnout and explicit and implicit racial biases toward black people in resident physicians.

The Effects of Racism in Medical Education on Students' Decisions to Practice in Underserved or Minority Communities.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between manifestations of racism in medical school and subsequent changes in graduating medical students' intentions to practice in underserved or minority communities, compared with their attitudes and intentions at matriculation.

Method: The authors used repeated-measures data from a longitudinal study of 3,756 students at 49 U.S.

Association of Clinical Specialty With Symptoms of Burnout and Career Choice Regret Among US Resident Physicians.

Importance: Burnout among physicians is common and has been associated with medical errors and lapses in professionalism. It is unknown whether rates for symptoms of burnout among resident physicians vary by clinical specialty and if individual factors measured during medical school relate to the risk of burnout and career choice regret during residency.

Objective: To explore factors associated with symptoms of burnout and career choice regret during residency.

A Prognostic Index to Identify the Risk of Developing Depression Symptoms Among U.S. Medical Students Derived From a National, Four-Year Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: To determine baseline individual and school-related factors associated with increased risk of developing depression symptoms by year four (Y4) of medical school, and to develop a prognostic index that stratifies risk of developing depression symptoms (Depression-PI) among medical students.

Method: The authors analyzed data from 3,743 students (79% of 4,732) attending 49 U.S.

Contributions of Qualitative Research in Informing HIV/AIDS Interventions Targeting Black MSM in the United States.

This article presents a systematic review of qualitative studies focusing on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States. We reviewed studies that were published between 1980 and 2014. Qualitative methods employed in the studies reviewed include in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and ethnography.

Ideologies of Black churches in New York City and the public health crisis of HIV among Black men who have sex with men.

Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV and AIDS in New York City (NYC). Black churches in NYC have a history of engaging in community mobilisation; however, research suggests that churches play a role in promoting stigma against Black MSM, which impedes prevention efforts. The goal of this study was to explore church ideologies surrounding sexuality and health, and the relationship of these ideologies to church mobilisation in response to HIV/AIDS among Black MSM.