Attention and executive delays in early childhood: a meta-analysis of neurodevelopmental conditions.

The objective of this review was to evaluate attention and executive function performance in children with neurodevelopmental conditions across the first 5 years of life, compared to neurotypical peers. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched until June 30, 2023, and studies comparing attention or executive function between children with (or at risk for) neurodevelopmental conditions and neurotypical (or low risk) peers, 0 to 5 years old, were included. Of the 4338 studies identified, 111 studies with 12292 participants were included in the meta-analysis.

Mathematics skills in children with genetic generalized epilepsy: Cognitive and clinical correlates. Preliminary results.

Impairments in mathematics have been found in children with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE), yet little is known about the underpinnings of these difficulties. The aim of this study was to investigate basic numeracy and secondary mathematics skills in GGE and explore cognitive and clinical correlates that relate to those skills. Nineteen children with GGE and 22 typically developing controls aged 8-16 years completed a neuropsychological battery which assessed: (i) basic numeracy skills: non-symbolic and symbolic magnitude comparison; (ii) secondary mathematics skills: calculation, reasoning, and fluency; and (iii) cognitive skills: intelligence, fluid reasoning, processing speed, and working memory.

Exploring early life social and executive function development in infants and risk for autism: a prospective cohort study protocol of NICU graduates and infants at risk for cerebral palsy.

Background: Delays in early social and executive function are predictive of later developmental delays and eventual neurodevelopmental diagnoses. There is limited research examining such markers in the first year of life. High-risk infant groups commonly present with a range of neurodevelopmental challenges, including social and executive function delays, and show higher rates of autism diagnoses later in life.

Mathematics Skills in Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Mathematics incorporates a broad range of skills, which includes basic early numeracy skills, such as subitizing and basic counting to more advanced secondary skills including mathematics calculation and reasoning. The aim of this review was to undertake a detailed investigation of the severity and pattern of early numeracy and secondary mathematics skills in people with epilepsy. Searches were guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.

Sleep outcomes in pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and contributing factors.

Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of disturbed sleep in children who sustained mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: We conducted electronic searches of three databases MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE against pre-determined inclusion/exclusion criteria. We used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess the risk of bias.

Impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder on families.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) on child and family functioning.

Design: Prospective survey.

Setting: Multidisciplinary FASD assessment service.

The persistence of sleep disturbance and its correlates in children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: The primary aim was to examine whether sleep disturbances persist in children in the chronic stage of recovery from moderate or severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The secondary aim was to examine whether memory difficulties and/or other previously identified factors relate to sleep disturbances in children with moderate to severe TBI.

Methods: This longitudinal study included 21 children with moderate to severe TBI, 8-18 years old, recruited from an urban tertiary paediatric specialised brain injury rehabilitation unit.

Working Memory in Pediatric Epilepsy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Working memory is a multicomponent system that is supported by overlapping specialized networks in the brain. Baddeley's working memory model includes four components: the phonological loop, visuo-spatial sketchpad, the central executive, and episodic buffer. The aim of this review was to establish the gravity and pattern of working memory deficits in pediatric epilepsy.

Children who sustained traumatic brain injury take longer to fall asleep compared to children who sustained orthopedic injuries: actigraphy findings.

: to examine objective sleep outcomes in children who sustained moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). : to examine the relation of objective sleep with subjective sleep, fatigue, and injury variables.: A single tertiary brain injury unit.

Longitudinal changes in emotional functioning following pediatric resective epilepsy surgery: 2-Year follow-up.

Objective: To examine longitudinal changes and predictors of depression and anxiety 2 years following resective epilepsy surgery, compared to no surgery, in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Method: This multicenter cohort study involved 128 children and adolescents with DRE (48 surgical, 80 nonsurgical; 8-18 years) who completed self-report measures of depression and anxiety at baseline and follow-up (6-month, 1-year, 2-year). Child demographic (age, sex, IQ) and seizure (age at onset, duration, frequency, site and side) variables were collected.

Changes in caregiver depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with family relationships in families of children who did and did not undergo resective epilepsy surgery.

Objective: To evaluate longitudinal changes in caregiver depression, anxiety, and family relationships following resective surgery for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE).

Methods: This multicenter cohort study involved 177 caregivers of children with DRE aged 4-18 years (63 surgical and 114 nonsurgical). Caregivers completed measures of depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale), and satisfaction with family relationships (Family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affective, and Resolve scale) at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year.

Family resources moderate the relationship between seizure control and health-related quality of life in children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective: Pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) is associated with poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Achieving seizure control, however, does not improve HRQOL in all children. This study sought to evaluate whether (1) baseline caregiver and family factors are associated with child HRQOL at 1-year follow-up over and above epilepsy characteristics, treatment, and seizure outcome; and (2) baseline family factors moderate the association between seizure outcome and child HRQOL at 1-year follow-up.

Behavioral interventions for sleep disturbances in children with neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Study Objectives: Sleep disturbances are common and associated with negative functional and health consequences in children with neurological and neurodevelopmental disorders (NNDDs) and represent an important potential target for behavioral interventions. This systematic review examined the efficacy of behavioral sleep interventions (BSIs) for children with NNDDs and comorbid sleep disturbances.

Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, and CENTRAL was conducted in April 2019.

A feasibility and acceptability study of cognitive behavioural treatment for insomnia in adolescents with traumatic brain injury: A-B with follow up design, randomized baseline, and replication across participants.

Difficulties falling asleep or staying asleep (symptoms of insomnia) are common following paediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Yet, interventions to treat insomnia in this population have not yet been reported. This single-case series examined the feasibility and acceptability of cognitive behavioral treatment for insomnia (CBT-I) for adolescents ( = 5, aged 11-13 years) with TBI, and explored changes in sleep and fatigue post-treatment.

Impact of resective surgery for pediatric drug-resistant epilepsy on emotional functioning.

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate emotional functioning following surgical and medical treatment in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE; i.e., uncontrolled seizures despite treatment with ≥2 antiepileptic drugs [AED]).

Time-based prospective memory in children and adolescents with traumatic brain injury: Impact of working memory demands.

Objective: Difficulties with prospective memory are frequently reported following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but rarely researched. We aimed to (i) investigate time-based prospective memory post-pediatric TBI; (ii) examine whether time-based prospective memory is differentially impacted by the demand placed on working memory; and (iii) explore which components of working memory (viz., central executive, phonological loop, and visuospatial sketchpad) are involved in time-based prospective memory under low and high cognitive load following pediatric TBI.

Computerized Working Memory Training for Children with Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) places children at risk for deficits in working memory (WM; comprising a central executive [CE], and two storage systems: phonological loop [PL] and visuospatial sketchpad [VSSP]), which is strongly related to attention and academic skills in childhood. This study aimed to examine whether different components of WM can be improved following adaptive WM training (Cogmed) and whether improvements in WM generalize to other cognitive (attention) and academic skills (reading and mathematics) in children with TBI. Twenty-seven children with moderate to severe TBI were randomized to adaptive (Cogmed; n = 13) or non-adaptive training (active placebo; n = 14) and evaluated at baseline, post-training, and 3-months follow-up.

[Formula: see text]Working memory outcomes following traumatic brain injury in children: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

The aim of this review is to systematically examine the literature concerning multicomponent working memory (WM)-comprising a central executive (CE), two storage components (phonological loop, PL and visuo-spatial sketchpad, VSSP), and episodic buffer (EB)-in pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI). Electronic searches were conducted of MEDLINE, PsychINFO and EMBASE up to October 2014 with the inclusion criteria of children and adolescents with TBI, and quantitative methods to assess at least one component of WM. Meta-analytic procedures calculated pooled effect sizes for WM outcomes.

Addressing adolescent substance use in a paediatric health-care setting.

Aim: The aim of this study is to review the operation of a specialist adolescent drug and alcohol consultation liaison service in a tertiary paediatric hospital.

Method: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted to identify patient characteristics and assess service utilisation.

Results: Two hundred adolescents were referred over 4 years.

Risk assessment of self- and other-directed aggression in adolescent psychiatric inpatient units.

Objective: To examine the predictive validity of unstructured clinical risk assessment and associated risk factors for aggression in predicting self- and other-directed aggression in the first 4 weeks of admission for patients admitted to an Australian adolescent psychiatric inpatient facility.

Method: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted at the Marian Drummond Adolescent Unit during late 2009 for the period of September 2006 to July 2009. Information collected included admission risk assessment ratings, aggressive incident reports, patient diagnoses, sex and history of aggression and self-harming behaviour.

Risk assessment: predicting physical aggression in child psychiatric inpatient units.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the predictive validity of unstructured clinical risk assessment and associated risk factors for aggression in predicting physical aggression in children admitted to an Australian psychiatric inpatient facility.

Method: A retrospective review of patient records was conducted at the State Wide Child Inpatient Unit during late 2009 for the period September 2006-July 2009. Children between the ages of 8 and 13 were included in analyses.