Arabidopsis pavement cell shape formation involves spatially confined ROPGAP regulators.

In many plant species, pavement cell development relies on the coordinated formation of interdigitating lobes and indentations. Polarity signaling via the activity of antagonistic Rho-related GTPases from plants (ROPs) was implicated in pavement cell development, but the spatiotemporal regulation remained unclear. Here, we report on the role of the PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY GTPase ACTIVATING PROTEINS (PHGAPS) during multipolar growth in pavement cell shape establishment.

PII Proteins Form Characteristic Foci in Chloroplasts Indicating Novel Properties in Protein Interaction and Degradation.

The PII protein is an evolutionary, highly conserved regulatory protein found in both bacteria and higher plants. In bacteria, it modulates the activity of several enzymes, transporters, and regulatory factors by interacting with them and thereby regulating important metabolic hubs, such as carbon/nitrogen homeostasis. More than two decades ago, the PII protein was characterized for the first time in plants, but its physiological role is still not sufficiently resolved.

A review of nasopharyngeal swab and saliva tests for SARS-CoV-2 infection: Disease timelines, relative sensitivities, and test optimization.

Testing is an essential part of containment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This review summarizes studies for SARS-CoV-2 infection and testing. Nasopharyngeal samples are best at sensitivity detection, especially in early stages of disease and in asymptomatic individuals.