Priorities for research on improving health behaviours for optimal mental health of Australian university students: A twin-panel Delphi study.

Issue Addressed: University students are at risk of poor health behaviours which negatively affect mental health and wellbeing. Informing the implementation of appropriate strategies to support Australian university students' health and wellbeing, requires quality evidence. This study aimed to identify research priorities for improving health behaviours to optimise mental health of Australian university students.

Meta-Analysis: Prevalence of Youth Mental Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Youth in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) face limited access to professional mental health resources. A comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of mental disorders would build an understanding of the scope of the need. We conducted systematic searches in PsycInfo, Pubmed, AfriBib and Africa Journals Online to identify prevalence rates for five disorders (anxiety, depression, conduct disorder, attention problems and post-traumatic stress) among SSA youth with a mean age of less than 19 years.

Dopaminergic signaling to ventral striatum neurons initiates sniffing behavior.

Sniffing is a motivated behavior displayed by nearly all terrestrial vertebrates. While sniffing is associated with acquiring and processing odors, sniffing is also intertwined with affective and motivated states. The systems which influence the display of sniffing are unclear.

Advancing mHealth Research in Low-Resource Settings: Young Women's Insights and Implementation Challenges with Wearable Smartwatch Devices in Uganda.

In many regions globally, including low-resource settings, there is a growing trend towards using mHealth technology, such as wearable sensors, to enhance health behaviors and outcomes. However, adoption of such devices in research conducted in low-resource settings lags behind use in high-resource areas. Moreover, there is a scarcity of research that specifically examines the user experience, readiness for and challenges of integrating wearable sensors into health research and community interventions in low-resource settings specifically.

Sniffing can be initiated by dopamine's actions on ventral striatum neurons.

Sniffing is a motivated behavior displayed by nearly all terrestrial vertebrates. While sniffing is associated with acquiring and processing odors, sniffing is also intertwined with affective and motivated states. The neuromodulatory systems which influence the display of sniffing are unclear.

SMSs as an alternative to provider-delivered care for unhealthy alcohol use: study protocol for Leseli, an open-label randomised controlled trial of mhGAP-Remote vs mhGAP-Standard in Lesotho.

Background: The World Health Organization's (WHO) Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) is a validated intervention that can be provided by non-specialised healthcare workers to individuals with unhealthy alcohol use. However, it typically requires several in-person sessions at a health facility, which may limit its feasibility and effectiveness in remote settings. This trial compares mhGAP-Standard, a 4 to 6 in-person session intervention, to mhGAP-Remote, a 1 in-person session intervention followed by 8 week of short message service (SMS) in Lesotho.

Bidirectional modulation of negative emotional states by parallel genetically-distinct basolateral amygdala pathways to ventral striatum subregions.

Distinct basolateral amygdala (BLA) cell populations influence emotional responses in manners thought important for anxiety and anxiety disorders. The BLA contains numerous cell types which can broadcast information into structures that may elicit changes in emotional states and behaviors. BLA excitatory neurons can be divided into two main classes, one of which expresses (encoding protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B) which is downstream of the genes encoding the D1 and D2 dopamine receptors ( and respectively).

Testing the Shamiri Intervention and Its Components With Kenyan Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Outcomes of a Universal, 5-Arm Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: Mental health problems are prevalent among African adolescents, but professional treatment capacity is limited. Shamiri, an efficient lay provider-delivered intervention, has significantly reduced depression and anxiety symptoms in previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This trial investigated effects of the full Shamiri intervention and its components (growth-only, gratitude-only, and values-only) against a study skills control.

Factors Associated With Additional Axillary Disease in Patients With Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.

In previous studies, breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node(s) (SLN) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) frequently had additional nonSLN involvement. Per guidelines, residual SLN disease warrants completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND), which has increased morbidity. Given recent improvements in NAC, we hypothesized that nonSLN positivity may be lower than previously reported for certain subgroups.

The application of PTR-MS and non-targeted analysis to characterize VOCs emitted from a plastic recycling facility fire.

Background: On April 11th, 2023, the My Way Trading (MWT) recycling facility in Richmond, Indiana caught fire, mandating the evacuation of local residents and necessitating the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to conduct air monitoring.

Raw diffraction data and reproducibility.

In recent years, there has been a major expansion in digital storage capability for hosting raw diffraction datasets. Naturally, the question has now arisen as to the benefits and costs for the preservation of such raw, i.e.

Designing a Web-Based Navigation Tool to Support Access to Youth Mental Health Services: Qualitative Study.

Background: Many young people with mental health problems do not readily seek help or receive treatment and support. One way to address low help-seeking behavior is to improve access to information on mental health services and how to navigate the mental health system via a web-based tool. Seeking input from the end users (young people and parents or caregivers) on key features of the tool is imperative to ensure that it is relevant, engaging, and likely to meet their needs and expectations.

Using wearable activity trackers for research in the global south: Lessons learned from adolescent psychotherapy research in Kenya.

Wearable activity trackers have emerged as valuable tools for health research, providing high-resolution data on measures such as physical activity. While most research on these devices has been conducted in high-income countries, there is growing interest in their use in the global south. This perspective discusses the challenges faced and strategies employed when using wearable activity trackers to test the effects of a school-based intervention for depression and anxiety among Kenyan youth.

Lactational transfer of sulforaphane-N-acetylcysteine in vivo and in human breast milk.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a bioactive phytonutrient found in cruciferous vegetables. There is a lack of detailed information on the lactational transfer of SFN and SFN metabolites, and potential pharmacological effects on breastfeeding infants. We carried out two maternal supplementation studies in a mouse model, wherein lactating dams received either vehicle, 300 or 600 ppm SFN from postnatal day (PND) 1 to 5, or in a second experiment, vehicle or 600 ppm SFN from PND 1 to 14.

Psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II among Kenyan adolescents.

Introduction: Curiosity is a fundamental trait that drives exploration, motivation, learning, and growth. However, research on this character strength in sub-Saharan African populations is very scarce. To address this gap in the literature, we sought to determine the psychometric properties of the Curiosity and Exploration Inventory- II (CEI-II), a measure for trait curiosity, to provide evidence of validity for its use in research among populations in sub-Saharan Africa.

Association of arsenic exposure with measles antibody titers in US children: Influence of sex and serum folate levels.

Exposure to arsenic during childhood is associated with various adverse health conditions. However, little is known about the effect of arsenic exposure on vaccine-related humoral immunity in children. We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004 and 2009-2010) to study the relationship between urinary arsenic and measles antibody levels in 476 US children aged 6-11.

Exploring Challenges Related to Breast Cancer to Identify Opportunities for Advocacy in Hawassa City, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based, Qualitative Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore breast cancer (BC) challenges to identify opportunities for advocacy in southern Ethiopia in 2022.

Methods: Twenty-five participants from four local districts (kebeles) in Hawassa City were selected as key contributors to future work. Semistructured in-depth interviews were held for two clinicians, two local health bureau managers, two media managers, and three religious leaders.

Ventral striatal islands of Calleja neurons bidirectionally mediate depression-like behaviors in mice.

The ventral striatum is a reward center implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It contains islands of Calleja, clusters of dopamine D3 receptor-expressing granule cells, predominantly in the olfactory tubercle (OT). These OT D3 neurons regulate self-grooming, a repetitive behavior manifested in affective disorders.

Air Pollutant Patterns and Human Health Risk following the East Palestine, Ohio, Train Derailment.

On February 3, 2023, a train carrying numerous hazardous chemicals derailed in East Palestine, OH, spurring temporary evacuation of residents and a controlled burn of some of the hazardous cargo. Residents reported health symptoms, including headaches and respiratory, skin, and eye irritation. Initial data from U.

Costs and cost-effectiveness of Shamiri, a brief, layperson-delivered intervention for Kenyan adolescents: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have the highest socio-economic burden of mental health disorders, yet the fewest resources for treatment. Recently, many intervention strategies, including the use of brief, scalable interventions, have emerged as ways of reducing the mental health treatment gap in LMICs. But how do decision makers prioritize and optimize the allocation of limited resources? One approach is through the evaluation of delivery costs alongside intervention effectiveness of various types of interventions.