Altered neuromuscular control in the vastus medialis following anterior cruciate ligament injury: A recurrence quantification analysis of electromyogram recruitment.

Background: Neuromuscular deficits exist following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. To observe these deficits, we examined nonlinear characteristics of vastus medialis electromyography (EMG) signals during submaximal isometric knee extensor contractions. Our purpose was to examine if determinism and entropy in EMG signals reflected neuromuscular control deficits in individuals with ACL-deficient limbs.