Missing microbial eukaryotes and misleading meta-omic conclusions.

Meta-omics is commonly used for large-scale analyses of microbial eukaryotes, including species or taxonomic group distribution mapping, gene catalog construction, and inference on the functional roles and activities of microbial eukaryotes in situ. Here, we explore the potential pitfalls of common approaches to taxonomic annotation of protistan meta-omic datasets. We re-analyze three environmental datasets at three levels of taxonomic hierarchy in order to illustrate the crucial importance of database completeness and curation in enabling accurate environmental interpretation.

A novel gain-of-function mutation in partially suppresses mTORC2 defects.

The serine/threonine protein kinase SGK-1 is a downstream target of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) and is a conserved regulator of growth and metabolism. In , mutations in , which encodes an essential component of mTORC2, impairs lipid homeostasis and growth; however, these defects are partially suppressed by an activating mutation in SGK-1 , E116K. Here, we describe a stronger gain-of-function mutation in , L112F, that was identified in a forward genetic screen for suppressor mutations This allele will be useful in further dissecting the mTORC2 pathway and provides new insight into the role of this conserved residue in regulating SGK-1 kinase activity.

Microeukaryote metabolism across the western North Atlantic Ocean revealed through autonomous underwater profiling.

Microeukaryotes are key contributors to marine carbon cycling. Their physiology, ecology, and interactions with the chemical environment are poorly understood in offshore ecosystems, and especially in the deep ocean. Using the Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Clio, microbial communities along a 1050 km transect in the western North Atlantic Ocean were surveyed at 10-200 m vertical depth increments to capture metabolic signatures spanning oligotrophic, continental margin, and productive coastal ecosystems.

Cyanohydrin Equilibria Implicate Non-Aromatic Aldehydes in Photochemical Production of Oceanic Carbon Monoxide.

Carbonyls have previously been dismissed as significant precursors for carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction from natural chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Here, we used hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which reacts with carbonyls to form photochemically inert cyanohydrins, as a probe to re-examine the role of carbonyls in CO photoproduction. Adding HCN to low-absorbance euphotic zone seawater decreased CO photoproduction.

Beyond the cuff: a consideration of factors that affect sexual function after benign hysterectomy.

Purpose Of Review: Hysterectomy is the most common gynecologic surgical procedure performed on women in the United States. While there are data supporting that hysterectomy for benign indication often does not reduce sexual function and may in fact improve sexual function as fibroids and endometriosis are resected, it remains unclear if there are factors within the perioperative period that affect sexual function in the years following surgery. To date, there is no consensus on what factors can optimize patients' sexual function after hysterectomy.

The TWK-26 potassium channel governs nutrient absorption in the intestine.

Ion channels are necessary for proper water and nutrient absorption in the intestine, which supports cellular metabolism and organismal growth. While a role for Na co-transporters and pumps in intestinal nutrient absorption is well defined, how individual K uniporters function to maintain ion homeostasis is poorly understood. Using , we show that a gain-of-function mutation in , which encodes a two-pore domain K ion channel orthologous to human KCNK3, facilitates nutrient absorption and suppresses the metabolic and developmental defects displayed by impaired intestinal MAP Kinase (MAPK) signaling.

A Two-Generation, Early Childhood Advanced Primary Care Model.

It is well recognized that early experiences produce long-term impacts on health outcomes, yet many children are at risk of not achieving their full potential because of health and service disparities related largely to poverty and racism. Although many pediatric primary care (PPC) models address these needs, most are isolated, add-on efforts that struggle to be scalable and sustainable. We describe 3-2-1 IMPACT (Integrated Model for Parents and Children Together), an initiative to transform the model of PPC delivered within New York City Health + Hospitals, the largest public hospital system in the United States, to address the full range of child and family needs in early childhood.

Molecular physiology of Antarctic diatom natural assemblages and bloom event reveal insights into strategies contributing to their ecological success.

Unlabelled: The continental shelf of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a highly variable system characterized by strong cross-shelf gradients, rapid regional change, and large blooms of phytoplankton, notably diatoms. Rapid environmental changes coincide with shifts in plankton community composition and productivity, food web dynamics, and biogeochemistry. Despite the progress in identifying important environmental factors influencing plankton community composition in the WAP, the molecular basis for their survival in this oceanic region, as well as variations in species abundance, metabolism, and distribution, remains largely unresolved.

Single Euploid Embryo Transfer Outcomes After Uterine Septum Resection.

Study Objective: To study pregnancy outcomes after single euploid embryo transfer (SEET) in patients who underwent prior uterine septum resection to those with uteri of normal contour, without Müllerian anomalies or uterine abnormalities including polyps or fibroids, and without a history of prior uterine surgeries.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single academic affiliated center.

Opposing action of the FLR-2 glycoprotein hormone and DRL-1/FLR-4 MAP kinases balance p38-mediated growth and lipid homeostasis in C. elegans.

Animals integrate developmental and nutritional signals before committing crucial resources to growth and reproduction; however, the pathways that perceive and respond to these inputs remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that DRL-1 and FLR-4, which share similarity with mammalian mitogen-activated protein kinases, maintain lipid homeostasis in the C. elegans intestine.

Mixoplankton and mixotrophy: future research priorities.

Phago-mixotrophy, the combination of photoautotrophy and phagotrophy in mixoplankton, organisms that can combine both trophic strategies, have gained increasing attention over the past decade. It is now recognized that a substantial number of protistan plankton species engage in phago-mixotrophy to obtain nutrients for growth and reproduction under a range of environmental conditions. Unfortunately, our current understanding of mixoplankton in aquatic systems significantly lags behind our understanding of zooplankton and phytoplankton, limiting our ability to fully comprehend the role of mixoplankton (and phago-mixotrophy) in the plankton food web and biogeochemical cycling.

Reverse engineering environmental metatranscriptomes clarifies best practices for eukaryotic assembly.

Background: Diverse communities of microbial eukaryotes in the global ocean provide a variety of essential ecosystem services, from primary production and carbon flow through trophic transfer to cooperation via symbioses. Increasingly, these communities are being understood through the lens of omics tools, which enable high-throughput processing of diverse communities. Metatranscriptomics offers an understanding of near real-time gene expression in microbial eukaryotic communities, providing a window into community metabolic activity.

Beta-glucans induce cellular immune training and changes in intestinal morphology in poultry.

Introduction: Beta-glucans are known as biological response modifiers due to their ability to activate the immune system. This research aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of feeding beta-glucans from various sources on the immune status and intestinal morphology of chickens.

Methods: To this end we used and set-ups.

Diminished carbon and nitrate assimilation drive changes in diatom elemental stoichiometry independent of silicification in an iron-limited assemblage.

In the California Current Ecosystem, upwelled water low in dissolved iron (Fe) can limit phytoplankton growth, altering the elemental stoichiometry of the particulate matter and dissolved macronutrients. Iron-limited diatoms can increase biogenic silica (bSi) content >2-fold relative to that of particulate organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which has implications for carbon export efficiency given the ballasted nature of the silica-based diatom cell wall. Understanding the molecular and physiological drivers of this altered cellular stoichiometry would foster a predictive understanding of how low Fe affects diatom carbon export.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities Among Women Undergoing a Trial of Labor After Cesarean Delivery: Performance of the VBAC Calculator with and without Patients' Race/Ethnicity.

The Maternal Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) calculator is a clinical tool designed to predict trial of labor after cesarean delivery (TOLAC) success. The calculator has come under scrutiny for its inclusion of race and ethnicity, which systematically predicts a lower likelihood of success for patients who identify as African American or Hispanic. We hypothesized that the calculator would predict VBAC more accurately without the use of race or ethnicity.

Adaptive responses of marine diatoms to zinc scarcity and ecological implications.

Scarce dissolved surface ocean concentrations of the essential algal micronutrient zinc suggest that Zn may influence the growth of phytoplankton such as diatoms, which are major contributors to marine primary productivity. However, the specific mechanisms by which diatoms acclimate to Zn deficiency are poorly understood. Using global proteomic analysis, we identified two proteins (ZCRP-A/B, Zn/Co Responsive Protein A/B) among four diatom species that became abundant under Zn/Co limitation.

Mixotrophic plankton foraging behaviour linked to carbon export.

Marine mixotrophic protists that use both heterotrophic and phototrophic metabolisms may impact the carbon cycle in unexpected ways. A recently characterized mixotroph can craft three-dimensional mucilage feeding structures that trap nutrient-rich plankton prey and contribute to the sinking of carbon from the surface ocean.

Fetal growth restriction with abnormal individual biometric parameters at second trimester ultrasound is associated with small for gestational age neonate at delivery.

Objectives: To determine if early-onset fetal growth restriction with abnormal individual biometric parameters, defined as head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length less than the 10th percentile, is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes compared to fetal growth restriction with normal biometric parameters.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study including women diagnosed with fetal growth restriction between 16 and 24 weeks gestation who delivered a singleton, non-anomalous neonate at Mount Sinai Hospital from 2013 to 2019. The primary outcome was rate of small for gestational age neonate at delivery.

The Synthesis of Nucleoside 2',3'-Cyclic Monophosphate Analogs with Regio- and Stereospecificity.

This article presents a new method for the rapid, stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of nucleoside 2',3'-O,O-phosphorothioate and 2',3'-O,O-phosphoroselenoate molecules. The method avoids the use of protection groups, chiral reagents, and chiral metal catalysts, as well as complicated chiral separations. This synthetic method has been applied successfully to all of the natural nucleosides.

Mechanisms and heterogeneity of in situ mineral processing by the marine nitrogen fixer Trichodesmium revealed by single-colony metaproteomics.

The keystone marine nitrogen fixer Trichodesmium thrives in high-dust environments. While laboratory investigations have observed that Trichodesmium colonies can access the essential nutrient iron from dust particles, less clear are the biochemical strategies underlying particle-colony interactions in nature. Here we demonstrate that Trichodesmium colonies engage with mineral particles in the wild with distinct molecular responses.

Growth Factor Delivery for the Repair of a Critical Size Tibia Defect Using an Acellular, Biodegradable Polyethylene Glycol-Albumin Hydrogel Implant.

Growth factor delivery using acellular matrices presents a promising alternative to current treatment options for bone repair in critical-size injuries. However, supra-physiological doses of the factors can introduce safety concerns that must be alleviated, mainly by sustaining delivery of smaller doses using the matrix as a depot. We developed an acellular, biodegradable hydrogel implant composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and denatured albumin to be used for sustained delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2).

Dinoflagellates alter their carbon and nutrient metabolic strategies across environmental gradients in the central Pacific Ocean.

Marine microeukaryotes play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling through the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels and vertical carbon transport. Despite their global importance, microeukaryote physiology, nutrient metabolism and contributions to carbon cycling across offshore ecosystems are poorly characterized. Here, we observed the prevalence of dinoflagellates along a 4,600-km meridional transect extending across the central Pacific Ocean, where oligotrophic gyres meet equatorial upwelling waters rich in macronutrients yet low in dissolved iron.

Conservative management of uterine rupture in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

•Uterine artery embolization as management of uterine rupture due to invasive GTN.•Fertility preservation for select cases of uterine rupture due to invasive GTN.•Conservative surgery and chemotherapy for invasive GTN with uterine rupture.

The effect of microbiome exposure at birth on pediatric outcomes using a twin cohort discordant for microbiome exposure at birth.

Objective: Microbiome exposure at birth has been associated with long-term pediatric outcomes. However, it is difficult to determine if differences in outcomes are truly due to microbiome exposure at birth or other exposures after birth and in early infancy. Using a twin cohort, we sought to determine the association between length of exposure to the maternal vaginal-fecal microbiome and long-term pediatric health outcomes by comparing outcomes between presenting and nonpresenting twins born to women who labored.