Acute exposure to environmentally relevant levels of DDT alters muscle mitochondrial function in vivo in rats but not in vitro in L6 myotubes: A pilot study.

Under insulin-stimulated conditions, skeletal muscle is the largest glucose consumer in the body. Mitochondrial dysfunction and damage to this tissue from oxidative stress are linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Environmental exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (DDE), has been associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes as well as altered oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in non-muscle tissues.

Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 exposure in rats alters skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.

In the past few years, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of environmental pollutants, have been associated with metabolism dysregulation. Muscle is one of the key regulators of metabolism because of its mass and its important role in terms of glucose consumption and glucose storage. It has been shown that muscle alterations, such as oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, contribute significantly to the development of metabolic diseases.

The effect of exercise training on upregulation of molecular markers of bile acid metabolism in the liver of ovariectomized rats fed a cholesterol-rich diet.

Background: Small heterodimer partner (SHP) is an important transcriptional factor involved in the regulation of glucose, lipid, and bile acid metabolism in the liver. SHP has been reported to be down-regulated in ovariectomized (Ovx) mice and up-regulated by estrogens suggesting a link between estrogens and SHP. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exercise training on SHP and key molecular markers of cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in Ovx rats under cholesterol feeding.

Liver metabolic disruption induced after a single exposure to PCB126 in rats.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been recognized as metabolic disruptors. The liver plays a pivotal role in detoxification of an organism. Fatty liver results from altered intra-, and extra-hepatic mediators and is associated with increased glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), commonly used as a marker for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling.

Polychlorinated biphenyl 126 exposure in L6 myotubes alters glucose metabolism: a pilot study.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are increasingly recognized as metabolic disruptors. Due to its mass, skeletal muscle is the major site of glucose disposal. While muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been shown to play a central role in metabolic disease development, no studies to date have investigated the effect of PCB exposure on muscle energy metabolism and oxidative stress.

The effects of PCB126 on intra-hepatic mechanisms associated with non alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Background: Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) results from alteration in lipid synthesis and elimination mechanisms such as very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) production and de novo lipogenesis. Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are chemicals that were mostly used historically as pesticides, solvents, flame retardant, and other applications. Among POPs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) have been recognized to be of environmental and potential toxicologic concerns.

Impaired VLDL assembly: a novel mechanism contributing to hepatic lipid accumulation following ovariectomy and high-fat/high-cholesterol diets?

The aim of the present study was to identify molecular mechanisms involved in liver fat and cholesterol accumulation in ovariectomised (Ovx) rats fed with high-cholesterol diets. VLDL assembly and bile acid metabolism were specifically targeted. After being either Ovx or sham-operated, the rats were fed a standard diet or a high-fat diet containing 0, 0·25 or 0·5 % cholesterol for 6 weeks.

Increased proliferative effect of organochlorine compounds on human preadipocytes.

Chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, commonly referred to as organochlorine compounds (OCs), are chemicals of environmental concern that were mostly used historically as pesticides, solvents, flame retardants, and other applications, though some still continue to be produced. OCs accumulate in adipose tissue because of their hydrophobicity. Evidence suggests that OCs modulate adipose tissue metabolism and could affect its development.

Assessment of endurance exercise training in hepatic endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has recently been associated with several health complications such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis. Exercise training has been recognized for many years to have important beneficial effects in these metabolic complications, however much remains unknown regarding the effects of exercise training on ER stress in the liver. A better understanding of the effects of exercise training on hepatic ER stress response requires studies in which the exercise training protocol is well assessed.

Exercise training increases hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress protein expression in MTP-inhibited high-fat fed rats.

The purpose of the study was: (1) to determine the effects of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibition on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in liver, and (2) to determine if this response is altered in exercise-trained rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks) fed either a standard (SD) or a high-saturated fat (HF; 43% as energy) diet were trained (Tr) or kept sedentary (Sed) for 6 week. Exercise training consisted of continuous running on a motor-driven rodent treadmill 5 times/week.

Resistance training attenuates fat mass regain after weight loss in ovariectomized rats.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of maintaining only one of the two components of a food restriction (FR)+resistance training (RT) regimen on the regain of body weight and fat mass (liver and adipocytes) in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats.

Methods: Five week Ovx rats were submitted to a weight loss program consisting of a 26% FR combined with RT (OvxFR+RT) for 8 weeks. RT consisted of climbing a 1.

Angiomotin p80/p130 ratio: a new indicator of exercise-induced angiogenic activity in skeletal muscles from obese and non-obese rats?

Skeletal muscle capillarisation responds to physiological and pathological conditions with a remarkable plasticity. Angiomotin was recently identified as a new pro-angiogenic molecule. Angiomotin is expressed as two protein isoforms, p80 and p130.

Exercise training decreases in vitro stimulated lipolysis in a visceral (mesenteric) but not in the retroperitoneal fat depot of high-fat-fed rats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of an exercise training programme in high-fat-fed rats on in vitro lipolysis in a visceral (mesenteric) and a non-visceral fat depot (retroperitoneal) and its relationship to perilipin content. Two groups of female rats were fed a high-fat diet (42 % as energy) for 8 weeks, one remaining sedentary (Sed) and the other being exercise trained (Tr) for this entire period. Rats were killed after 2 and 8 weeks of their respective treatment.

Time course of changes in in vitro lipolysis of intra-abdominal fat depots in relation to high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the time course of changes in in vitro lipolysis and in perilipin content (Western blot) in the mesenteric and/or the retroperitoneal fat depots in relation to the development of hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-fed rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to a high-fat diet (HF diet; 42 % as kJ) or a standard diet (SD diet) for 1, 2, 3 or 8 weeks. Fat accretion in the mesenteric and retroperitoneal tissues was higher (P<0.