Reduced Glomerular Filtration in Diabetes Is Attributable to Loss of Density and Increased Resistance of Glomerular Endothelial Cell Fenestrations.

Background: Glomerular endothelial cell (GEnC) fenestrations are recognized as an essential component of the glomerular filtration barrier, yet little is known about how they are regulated and their role in disease.

Methods: We comprehensively characterized GEnC fenestral and functional renal filtration changes including measurement of glomerular and GFR in diabetic mice (BTBR ). We also examined and compared human samples.

Development of an estimated glomerular filtration rate formula in cats.

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) formulas are routinely used in human patients to provide a more accurate evaluation of GFR compared to serum creatinine concentration alone. Similar formulas do not exist for cats.

Objectives: To validate a prediction formula for eGFR in cats based on adjusting serum creatinine concentration.

Repeated measurements of renal function in evaluating its decline in cats.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the variability in renal function markers in non-azotaemic and azotaemic cats, and also the rate of change in the markers.

Methods: Plasma creatinine concentration and its reciprocal, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine specific gravity (USG) were studied as markers of renal function in client-owned cats. GFR was determined using a corrected slope-intercept iohexol clearance method.

Vitamin D toxicity of dietary origin in cats fed a natural complementary kitten food.

Case Series Summary: This case series describes two young sibling cats and an additional unrelated cat, from two separate households, that developed hypercalcaemia associated with hypervitaminosis D. Excessive vitamin D concentrations were identified in a natural complementary tinned kitten food that was fed to all three cats as part of their diet. In one of the cases, there was clinical evidence of soft tissue mineralisation.

Hypercalcaemia in cats: The complexities of calcium regulation and associated clinical challenges.

Practical Relevance: Calcium is essential for many normal physiological processes within the body. Aberrations in calcium homeostasis leading to hypercalcaemia can result in clinical signs such as polyuriav and polydipsia, lethargy and weakness due to depressed excitability of muscle and nervous tissue, and gastrointestinal (GI) signs due to effects on GI smooth muscle. Hypercalcaemia in cats is mostly idiopathic, with chronic kidney disease and neoplasia also being common causes.

Evaluation of non-polynomial equations for one-compartment correction of slope-intercept GFR: theoretical prediction and experimental measurement.

Background: Polynomial equations for one-compartment correction of slope-intercept glomerular filtration rate (GFR) will underestimate values at high clearance rates. Non-polynomial correction equations that are independent of patient size and renal function would be advantageous and may have cross-species use.

Materials And Methods: The study explored the theoretical basis of firstly the Jodal and Brochner-Mortensen one-compartment correction equation, replacing plasma volume with extracellular fluid volume, and secondly an equation described by Peters.

The role of phosphorus in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease.

Objective: To review the human and veterinary literature on the role of phosphorus in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to explore why control of plasma phosphorus concentration is an important goal in the management of patients with this disease.

Data Sources: Human and veterinary studies, reviews, clinical reports, textbooks, and recent research findings focused on phosphate homeostasis and CKD patient management.

Human Data Synthesis: Recent studies using rodent models and human patients with CKD have focused on trying to elucidate the role of the phosphatonins, predominantly fibroblast growth factor-23, in phosphate homeostasis and the pathophysiology of secondary renal hyperparathyroidism (SRHP).

Parathyroid hormone concentration in geriatric cats with various degrees of renal function.

Objective: To determine whether cats in the nonazotemic stages of chronic kidney disease have increased plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations as a compensatory physiologic mechanism to maintain plasma phosphate concentration within the reference interval.

Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Animals: 118 client-owned geriatric cats with various degrees of renal function.

Glomerular filtration rate estimation by use of a correction formula for slope-intercept plasma iohexol clearance in cats.

Objective: To develop a formula for correcting slope-intercept plasma iohexol clearance in cats and to compare clearance of total iohexol (TIox), endo-iohexol (EnIox), and exo-iohexol (ExIox).

Animals: 20 client-owned, healthy adult and geriatric cats.

Procedures: Plasma clearance of TIox was determined via multisample and slope-intercept methods.