Pharmacy Interns' Perception of Climate Change and Its Impact on Health.

: The effects of climate change are major threats to health and well-being. While the profession of pharmacy can make a difference through patient care activities, sustainability, and advocacy, literature detailing U.S.

Pharmacists' perception of climate change and its impact on health.

Objectives: This study's primary objective was to assess pharmacists' knowledge and beliefs regarding climate change and health. Secondary objectives included assessing perceptions of its relevance to pharmacists and pharmacy practice as well as potential roles in mitigating climate change.

Methods: An 18-question, anonymous survey was developed using questions adapted from previously published surveys that evaluated the general public's views of international issues and health professionals' perceptions of climate change and health, with additions specific to the Midwestern United States and Ohio.

Preconception health status and associated disparities among rural, Midwestern women in the United States.

Background: Little is known about the preconception/interconception health and behaviors of reproductive-age women in the rural Midwest of the United States. The purpose of this study was to quantify preconception/interconception health status and to identify disparities compared with statewide estimates.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected data on 12 health conditions and behaviors that are risk factors for adverse maternal and infant health outcomes from nonpregnant women ages 18-45 years in rural northwestern Ohio.

"Nobody talks about it": Preconception health and care among women in the rural, Midwestern United States.

Introduction: Good preconception and interconception health are fundamental to optimizing women's health and reducing risk factors for adverse maternal-infant outcomes. Although rural women in the United States tend to experience health disparities, no published qualitative studies have focused on their preconception/interconception health. The purpose of this study was to determine what rural, Midwestern women perceive to be their most pressing health needs and effective ways to provide outreach and education regarding preconception/interconception health and care.

Food for thought: Can community pharmacists help patients living in food deserts?

Background: Community pharmacists can play an important role in helping patients who live in food deserts through screening, adjusting therapeutic recommendations and counseling practices, and making referrals to community resources. However, literature regarding community pharmacists' knowledge, practices, and attitudes regarding food deserts is scant.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess Ohio community pharmacists' knowledge regarding food deserts.

Healthy People and Interested Students: Medical and Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Public Health.

Little is known about health professions students' awareness and attitudes regarding public health in the United States. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess medical and pharmacy students' knowledge and interest in the Healthy People initiative as well as perceptions of public health content in their curricula. An electronic survey was distributed in March 2021 in seven schools across Ohio; participation was incentivized through a USD 5 donation to the Ohio Association of Foodbanks to aid in COVID-19 relief efforts (maximum USD 1000) for each completed survey.

Retrospective evaluation of preconception care opportunities in a chain community pharmacy setting.

Objectives: Certain prescription medications should be avoided during pregnancy to reduce the risk of fetal harm. Identification of these medications to minimize exposure may be achieved through the integration of preconception care recommendations into medication therapy management (MTM) services. The primary objective of this study was to identify missed opportunities for pharmacists to provide preconception care support related to medications associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes for reproductive-aged women who received MTM consultations at a regional supermarket pharmacy chain.

Routine Healthcare Utilization Among Reproductive-Age Women Residing in a Rural Maternity Care Desert.

It is important that women of reproductive age have access to and use routine health services to improve birth outcomes. While it is estimated that more than 5 million women in over 1000 counties across the United States live in maternity care deserts, to date there have been no published studies characterizing access and barriers to routine healthcare utilization in these areas. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted in a rural county in northwest Ohio with 315 women ages 18-45 years.

Ohio Community Pharmacist Interest and Participation in Community-Clinical Linkages.

Background: Community-clinical linkages have been promoted as a means to improve population health. The community pharmacy is an ideal location for these partnerships to occur due to the expertise of the community pharmacist. While the need for these partnerships exists, there are limited data regarding community pharmacists' current participation in such programs.

The critical need for clinical decision support systems for identification and management of teratogenic medications.

Objectives: To describe the critical need for clinical decision support systems to identify and manage use of potentially teratogenic medications in women of reproductive potential in the United States.

Data Sources: Medline, CINAHL Plus, Academic Search Complete, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched on November 1, 2018, with the key words (teratogen* OR birth defect OR Category D OR Category X OR (pregnancy or pregnant)) AND (clinical decision support OR decision support OR electronic record) to identify primary literature published in peer-reviewed journals describing clinical decision support systems implemented in outpatient settings in the United States to promote safe prescribing and clinician counseling for teratogenic medications. A hand search of the reference lists of relevant articles, including review articles, found through this search strategy was also performed.

Using a mock board of pharmacy disciplinary hearing to teach concepts related to administrative law, addiction, empathy, and professionalism.

Background And Purpose: The purpose of this project was to impact pharmacy students' personal and professional development through simulation of a board of pharmacy disciplinary hearing regarding addiction.

Educational Activity And Setting: The mock board hearing was conducted as part of the required curriculum. Faculty obtained materials from a prior board hearing.

Pharmacists' attitudes regarding provision of sexual and reproductive health services.

Objectives: The primary objective was to assess attitudes from Ohio pharmacists about contraceptive authority. Secondary objectives included determining pharmacists' perceptions of benefits, barriers, and preparedness for offering such services and examining attitudes about and experiences with other reproductive health topics to inform future research.

Methods: An anonymous 26-question Institutional Review Board-approved electronic survey was developed and distributed via Qualtrics to a random sample of 500 licensed pharmacists in Ohio.

Partners in Public Health: Public Health Collaborations With Schools of Pharmacy, 2015.

To collect data on public health collaborations with schools of pharmacy, we sent a short electronic survey to accredited and preaccredited pharmacy programs in 2015. We categorized public health collaborations as working or partnering with local and/or state public health departments, local and/or state public health organizations, academic schools or programs of public health, and other public health collaborations. Of 134 schools, 65 responded (49% response rate).

Use of targeted medication reviews to deliver preconception care: A demonstration project.

Objectives: To demonstrate the ability of a statewide network of community pharmacists to provide preconception care services with the use of targeted medication reviews (TMRs). Community pharmacists are well qualified and well positioned to assist in this public health priority; however, there are no documented case studies of pharmacists providing preconception care with the use of TMRs.

Methods: Through the demonstration project, pharmacists provided educational TMRs focused on 3 elements of preconception care to women aged 15 to 45 years enrolled in a nonprofit managed care plan: (1) medications that may cause fetal harm (category D/X); (2) folic acid use; and (3) immunizations.

Provision of Clinical Preventive Services by Community Pharmacists.

Community pharmacists are highly accessible health care professionals, providing opportunities for partnerships with other health care and public health professionals to expand the population's access to clinical preventive services. To document examples of the community pharmacist's role in providing clinical preventive services to the general population, we conducted PubMed searches using the key word "community pharmacy" and key words from the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations rated A or B. We present 4 descriptive summaries of clinical preventive services that can be offered by community pharmacists.

Pharmacists' perceptions of advancing public health priorities through medication therapy management.

Background: Public health priorities can be addressed by pharmacists through channels such as medication therapy management (MTM) to optimize patient and population outcomes. However, no studies have specifically assessed pharmacists' perceptions of addressing public health priorities through MTM.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess pharmacists' opinions regarding the feasibility and appropriateness of addressing seven areas of public health priority through MTM services to impact public health in direct patient care settings.

Global Health Education in Doctor of Pharmacy Programs.

The objective of this Review is to characterize content related to global health in didactic and experiential curricula of doctor of pharmacy (PharmD) programs in the United States. The review was completed through a systematic website search of 133 US PharmD programs accredited or currently in the process of obtaining accreditation to identify global health dual degrees, minors/concentrations, required and elective courses, and experiential opportunities. Programs' course catalogs were referenced as needed to find more specific course listings/descriptions.

Women's involvement in clinical trials: historical perspective and future implications.

The importance of considering the differences between the male and female sex in clinical decision-making is crucial. However, it has been acknowledged in recent decades that clinical trials have not always adequately enrolled women or analyzed sex-specific differences in the data. As these deficiencies have hindered the progress of understanding women's response to medications, agencies in the United States have worked towards the inclusion of women in clinical trials and appropriate analysis of sex-specific data from clinical trials.

Fulfilling an Unmet Need: Roles for Clinical Pharmacists in Preconception Care.

Preconception care refers to a set of interventions that identify and address biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a woman's health that may negatively impact a future pregnancy. A great need for preconception care currently exists in the United States, and women's attitudes about discussions with health care providers about healthy and safe pregnancies are positive. Clinical pharmacists are well positioned to work with other health care and public health professionals to ensure that all women of childbearing potential have access to preconception care.

Preventing infant mortality: Pharmacists' call to action.

Objective: To highlight ways in which pharmacists can influence the infant mortality rate.

Summary: The infant mortality rate in the United States is higher than in many other industrialized nations. Because pharmacists are accessible and knowledgeable health care professionals, there are multiple opportunities for pharmacist intervention from the preconception to the postpartum periods that can affect the leading causes of infant death.