Special Issue "Advances in the Physiology of Primary and Secondary Plant Metabolism Under Abiotic and Biotic Stress".

One of the most relevant areas of biology is the study of plant adaptation processes to the action of various stress factors of abiotic and biotic nature, which is reflected in the works of molecular biologists, geneticists, microbiologists, plant physiologists, and biochemists, as well as biotechnologists [...

Influence of Primary Light Exposure on the Morphophysiological Characteristics and Phenolic Compounds Accumulation of a Tea Callus Culture ( L.).

Tea plant calli ( L.) are characterized by the accumulation of various phenolic compounds (PC)-substances with high antioxidant activity. However, there is still no clarity on the response of tea cells to light exposure of varying intensity.

Superoxide Dismutase Premodulates Oxidative Stress in Plastids for Protection of Tobacco Plants from Cold Damage Ultrastructure Damage.

ROS-dependent induction of oxidative damage can be used as a trigger initiating genetically determined non-specific protection in plant cells and tissues. Plants are potentially able to withstand various specific (toxic, osmotic) factors of abiotic effects, but do not have sufficient or specific sensitivity to form an adequate effective response. In this work, we demonstrate one of the possible approaches for successful cold acclimation through the formation of effective protection of photosynthetic structures due to the insertion of the heterologous gene into the tobacco genome under the control of the constitutive promoter and equipped with a signal sequence targeting the protein to plastid.

Changes in the Antioxidant Potential of Cultures under the Influence of Phenolic Precursors.

The viability, productivity and survival of higher plants under the adverse factors influence are largely determined by the functional activity of the antioxidant system. The aim of our work was to investigate changes in formation of high-molecular (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and low-molecular (phenolics, including flavanols and proanthocyanidins) antioxidants in callus culture of under influence of phenolic precursors (L-phenylalanine-3 mM, -cinnamic acid-1 mM, naringenin-0.5 mM).

Heterologous Gene Expression Leads to Mitigation of Salt Stress Effects and Modulates Developmental Processes.

Transgenic tobacco plants overexpressing the choline oxidase gene from showed an increase in resistance at the level of primary and secondary biosynthesis of metabolites, removing the damage characteristic of salinity and stabilizing the condition of plants. We used 200 mM NaCl, which inhibits the growth of tobacco plants at all stages of development. Leaves of transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants were used for biochemical, cytological and molecular biological analysis.

Polyphenols in Plants: Structure, Biosynthesis, Abiotic Stress Regulation, and Practical Applications (Review).

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are among the most common compounds of secondary metabolism in plants. Their biosynthesis is characteristic of all plant cells and is carried out with the participation of the shikimate and acetate-malonate pathways. In this case, polyphenols of various structures are formed, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and various oligomeric and polymeric compounds of phenolic nature.

Heavy Metals, Their Phytotoxicity, and the Role of Phenolic Antioxidants in Plant Stress Responses with Focus on Cadmium: Review.

The current state of heavy metal (HM) environmental pollution problems was considered in the review: the effects of HMs on the vital activity of plants and the functioning of their antioxidant system, including phenolic antioxidants. The latter performs an important function in the distribution and binding of metals, as well as HM detoxification in the plant organism. Much attention was focused on cadmium (Cd) ions as one of the most toxic elements for plants.

Influence of Different Precursors on Content of Polyphenols in In Vitro Callus Culture.

Plant tissue cultures are considered as potential producers of biologically active plant metabolites, which include various phenolic compounds that can be used to maintain human health. Moreover, in most cases, their accumulation is lower than in the original explants, which requires the search for factors and influences for the intensification of this process. In this case, it is very promising to use the precursors of their biosynthesis as potential "regulators" of the various metabolites' formation.

Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide on In Vitro Cultures of Tea ( L.) Grown in the Dark and in the Light: Morphology, Content of Malondialdehyde, and Accumulation of Various Polyphenols.

Tea plants ( L.) are phenol-accumulating crops that are widely used for public health. The healing effect of tea leaf products is due to the biosynthesis of such phenolic compounds (PCs) as flavans, which have P-vitamin capillary-strengthening activity.

Response of Transgenic Potato Plants Expressing Heterologous Genes of ∆9- or ∆12-Acyl-lipid Desaturases to Infection.

Late blight is one of the most economically important diseases affecting potato and causing a significant loss in yield. The development of transgenic potato plants with enhanced resistance to infection by may represent a possible approach to solving this issue. A comparative study of the leaf response in control potato plants ( L.

Effect of plant phenolic compounds on biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

In the natural environment, bacteria predominantly exist in matrix-enclosed multicellular communities associated with various surfaces, referred to as biofilms. Bacteria in biofilms are extremely resistant to antibacterial agents thus causing serious problems for antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we showed that different plant phenolic compounds, at concentrations that did not or weakly suppressed bacterial growth, increased the capacity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 to form biofilms.