Combined Use of GDF-15 and NT-Pro BNP for Outcome Prediction in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.

Acute heart failure (AHF) is characterized by a complex pathophysiology. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of combined serial measurements of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) for predicting long-term outcomes in patients with AHF. This study included 104 consecutive patients hospitalized due to AHF.