Sex-determining region complements traditionally used in phylogenetic studies nuclear and chloroplast sequences in investigation of Duby and Spach poplars (genus L., Salicaceae).

Members of the genus L. play an important role in the formation of forests in the northern hemisphere and are used in urban landscaping and timber production. species of closely related sections show extensive hybridization.

Sulfation of Birch Wood Microcrystalline Cellulose with Sulfamic Acid Using Ion-Exchange Resins as Catalysts.

Cellulose sulfates are important biologically active substances with a wide range of useful properties. The development of new methods for the production of cellulose sulfates is an urgent task. In this work, we investigated ion-exchange resins as catalysts for the sulfation of cellulose with sulfamic acid.

New Azo Derivatives of Ethanol Lignin: Synthesis, Structure, and Photosensitive Properties.

Water-soluble azo derivatives of lignin were synthesized by the azo coupling reaction using organosolv ethanol lignin and diazonium salts based on sulfanilic acid and p-nitroaniline. The structure of azo derivatives of lignin were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. It was found that the azobenzene bonds formed in the azo coupling reaction of macromolecules impart the photosensitive properties to the synthesized polymers via cis-trans photoisomerization of the diazobenzene group.

Development of Neuroprotective Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease using Conjugates of Serotonin with Sesquiterpene Lactones.

Background: Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary plant metabolites with a wide variety of biological activities. The process of lactone conjugation to other pharmacophores can increase the efficacy and specificity of the conjugated agent effect on molecular targets in various diseases, including brain pathologies. Derivatives of biogenic indoles, including neurotransmitter serotonin, are of considerable interest as potential pharmacophores.

Inequalities in birth outcomes in Russia: evidence from Tula oblast.

This paper describes pregnancy outcomes and identifies their determinants in a Russian region, in the year 2000. It includes all births and perinatal deaths recorded as occurring in Tula oblast. The socio-economic correlates of adverse outcomes are explored using logistic regression; outcomes and their determinants are compared with other countries.