Nutritional Composition of Breakfast in Children and Adolescents with and without Celiac Disease in Spain-Role of Gluten-Free Commercial Products.

Eating a nutritionally balanced breakfast can be a challenge when following a gluten-free diet (GFD). We assessed the ingredients and nutrient composition of 364 gluten-free breakfast products (GFPs) and 348 gluten-containing counterparts (GCCs), and we analysed the nutritional quality of breakfast in a group of Spanish children and adolescents with celiac disease (CD) ( = 70), as compared to controls ( = 67). Food intakes were estimated using three 24 h dietary records.

Gluten-Free Product Contribution to Energy and Macronutrient Intakes in Spanish Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease.

Gluten-free products (GFP) are a good choice for the replacement of cereals when following a gluten-free diet due to celiac disease (CD). However, commercial GFP are made with highly refined flours and may contain more fat, sugar, and salt, and less fiber and micronutrients than gluten-containing analogues, thus challenging the nutritional adequacy of the diet. The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of GFP to the diets of children and adolescents with CD.

Concordance between Laboratory and Field Methods for the Assessment of Body Fat in Olympic Combat Athletes: Analysis of the Influence of Adiposity.

Combat sports athletes competing in the same discipline exhibit notable and substantial differences in body weight, body composition (BC) and adiposity. No studies have considered the influence of adiposity levels in the agreement between different BC assessment methods. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of adiposity in the agreement between different methods used to estimate relative body fat (%BF) in Olympic combat sport athletes.

Exercise-Induced Hyperhomocysteinemia Is Not Related to Oxidative Damage or Impaired Vascular Function in Amateur Middle-Aged Runners under Controlled Nutritional Intake.

To determine the influence of different doses of maximal acute exercise on the kinetics of plasma homocysteine (tHcy) and its relationship with oxidative status and vascular function, nine recreational runners completed a 10 km race (10K) and a marathon (M). Blood samples were collected before (Basal), immediately post-exercise (Post0), and after 24 h (Post24). Nutritional intake was controlled at each sample point.

Hydration status, body composition, and anxiety status in aeronautical military personnel from Spain: a cross-sectional study.

Background: An adequate hydration status is critical to ensure efficiency during mental and physical activities. Our goal was to assess the hydration status of a Spanish group of aeronautical military men and to determine the association of hydration status with body composition and anxiety.

Methods: A total of 188 men were evaluated through a validated hydration questionnaire, anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and an anxiety questionnaire.

Nutritional Status in Spanish Adults with Celiac Disease Following a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet Is Similar to Non-Celiac.

The only available treatment for celiac disease is life-long gluten exclusion. We conducted a cross-sectional age- and gender-matched study in 64 celiac adults on a long-term (>1 year) gluten-free diet and 74 non-celiac volunteers from Spain, using dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters, as well as assessing bone mineral density and physical activity. Celiac adults had deficient intake (below 2/3 of the recommended intake) for folates, vitamin E, and iodine and low intake of calcium (below 80% of the recommended intake).

Updated Food Composition Database for Cereal-Based Gluten Free Products in Spain: Is Reformulation Moving on?

We developed a comprehensive composition database of 629 cereal-based gluten free (GF) products available in Spain. Information on ingredients and nutritional composition was retrieved from food package labels. GF products were primarily composed of rice and/or corn flour, and 90% of them included added rice starch.

Exercise dose affects the circulating microRNA profile in response to acute endurance exercise in male amateur runners.

The systemic response to exercise is dose-dependent and involves a complex gene expression regulation and cross-talk between tissues. This context ARISES the need for analyzing the influence of exercise dose on the profile of circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs), as emerging posttranscriptional regulators and intercellular communicators. Thus, we hypothesized that different exercise doses will determine specific c-miRNA signatures that will highlight its potential as exercise dose biomarker.

Nutritional Status in Spanish Children and Adolescents with Celiac Disease on a Gluten Free Diet Compared to Non-Celiac Disease Controls.

Patients who follow a gluten-free diet (GFD) may be prone to nutritional deficiencies, due to food restriction and consumption of gluten-free products. The aim was to assess nutritional status in celiac children and adolescents on a long-term GFD. A cross-sectional age and gender-matched study in 70 celiac and 67 non-celiac volunteers was conducted, using dietary, anthropometric, biochemical parameters, and assessing bone mineral density and physical activity.

Effects of Milk and Dairy Product Consumption on Pregnancy and Lactation Outcomes: A Systematic Review.

Pregnancy and lactation are considered critical periods in a female's life. Thus, the maternal diet must provide sufficient energy and nutrients to meet the mother's higher than usual requirements as well as the needs of the growing fetus. The maternal diet must enable the mother to provide stores of nutrients required for adequate fetal development, and good health and quality of life in infancy and later adulthood.

Adequate or elevated dietary folate does not ameliorate the reduced antioxidant capacity induced by vitamin B deficiency in aged rats.

Folate could have an antioxidant role but also may be detrimental under vitamin B deficiency. The aim was to investigate the effect of different dietary folic acid (FA) levels, on oxidative stress in B induced deficient aged rats. Thirty-five male aged Sprague-Dawley rats, were fed either a vitamin B deficient (n = 27) or a control diet (n = 8) during eight weeks.

Circulating microRNAs as emerging cardiac biomarkers responsive to acute exercise.

Background: Circulating microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are mediators of intercellular communication with great potential as cardiac biomarkers. The analysis of c-miRNAs in response to physiological stress, such as exercise, would provide valuable information for clinical practice and a deeper understanding of the molecular response to physical activity. Here, we analysed for the first time the acute exercise response of c-miRNAs reported as biomarkers of cardiac disease in a well-characterized cohort of healthy active adults.

Muscular contraction frequency does not affect plasma homocysteine concentration in response to energy expenditure- and intensity-matched acute exercise in sedentary males.

Acute exercise seems to increase total plasma homocysteine (tHcy); since this variable associated with cardiovascular risk, it is important to understand the determinants of its response to all types of exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of cycling at 2 different rates of muscle contraction on the complete tHcy kinetics. Eight young sedentary males were required to complete 2 isocaloric (400 kcal) acute exercise trials at 50% peak oxygen uptake on separate occasions at 50 or 80 rpm.

Low and high dietary folic acid levels perturb postnatal cerebellar morphology in growing rats.

The brain is particularly sensitive to folate metabolic disturbances, because methyl groups are critical for brain functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of folic acid (FA) on postnatal cerebellar morphology, including the architecture and organisation of the various layers. A total of forty male OFA rats (a Sprague-Dawley strain), 5 weeks old, were classified into the following four dietary groups: FA deficient (0 mg/kg FA); FA supplemented (8 mg/kg FA); FA supra-supplemented (40 mg/kg FA); and control (2 mg/kg FA) (all n 10 per group).

Circulating inflammatory miRNA signature in response to different doses of aerobic exercise.

While moderate acute exercise has been associated with strong anti-inflammatory mechanisms, strenuous exercise has been linked to deleterious inflammatory perturbations. It is therefore fundamental to elucidate the mechanisms that regulate the exercise-induced inflammatory cascade. Information on novel regulators such as circulating inflammatory microRNAs (c-inflammamiRs) is incomplete.

Vitamin B(12) and folic acid imbalance modifies NK cytotoxicity, lymphocytes B and lymphoprolipheration in aged rats.

Different vitamin B12 and folic acid concentrations could exacerbate the immune response. The aim was to evaluate different dietary folic acid and vitamin B12 levels on the immune response in aged rats. Male Sprague Dawley aged rats were assigned to three folic acid groups (deficient, control, supplemented) each in absence of vitamin B12 for 30 days.

Transient increase in homocysteine but not hyperhomocysteinemia during acute exercise at different intensities in sedentary individuals.

Considering that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the purpose of this study was to determine the kinetics of serum homocysteine (tHcy) and the vitamins involved in its metabolism (folates, B(12), and B(6)) in response to acute exercise at different intensities. Eight sedentary males (18-27 yr) took part in the study. Subjects were required to complete two isocaloric (400 kcal) acute exercise trials on separate occasions at 40% (low intensity, LI) and 80% VO(2peak) (high intensity, HI).

Dietary folic acid intake differentially affects methionine metabolism markers and hippocampus morphology in aged rats.

Purpose: Folic acid (FA) is an emerging nutritional factor in the pathogenesis of diverse neurodegenerative disorders by still unknown mechanisms. The hippocampus is altered during the loss of cognitive abilities in humans and selectively affected when homocysteine increases. The aim was to evaluate the potential protective role of folic acid in the maintenance of biochemical markers related to the methionine cycle, as well as the integrity of the hippocampus as part of the brain in aged rats.

Omega 3 fatty acids in the elderly.

Population ageing affects the entire world population. Also at world level one can observe a sharp increase in the proportion of older people. The challenge posed by population ageing translates into ensuring that the extra years of life will be as good as possible, free from high-cost dependency.

Dietary alkylresorcinols and lignans in the Spanish diet: development of the alignia database.

The intake of alkylresorcinols and lignans in Spain is unknown due to the lack of information on the content of these compounds in particular foods. This paper describes the development of the first alkylresorcinol and lignan database adapted to the Spanish diet, including foods items especially relevant for this population. The values of alkylresorcinols and lignans in common foods and beverages were collected from scientific publications in refereed journals, and other foods particularly consumed in Spain, for which values were not available, were analyzed by standardized protocols and included into the database.

Physiologic changes in homocysteine metabolism in pregnancy: a longitudinal study in Spain.

Objective: The aim was to investigate whether pregnancy-induced changes in total homocysteine (tHcy) are associated with folate and vitamin B12 nutritional status, genetic C677T polymorphism in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) enzyme, and gestation outcome at a time when folic acid supplementation started to be recommended in the Spanish health system.

Methods: In total 154 pregnant women were recruited from among gynecologic patients of the Alcorcón Public Hospital Outpatient Clinic (Madrid, Spain). Blood tests were performed at weeks 15, 24, and 32 of pregnancy.

Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine after maternal alcohol exposure on offspring rats.

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is an universal methyl donor for biological systems in transmethylation reactions. Another metabolic pathway involving S-adenosylmethionine is initiated with the release of -CH3 from the molecule and the formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine and then homocysteine and cysteine, a precursor of the main cellular antioxidant glutathione. Chronic ethanol consumption could affect the bioavailability of amino acids such as methionine.

Acute valproate administration impairs methionine metabolism in rats.

Valproate (VPA) is a drug widely used to treat epilepsy, but it has serious adverse effects including hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity and antifolate activity. The mechanism underlying VPA toxicity is unclear although an interaction with folate and other metabolites involved in methionine metabolism has been suggested. The present study was undertaken to evaluate potential changes in the metabolic function of the methionine cycle after acute exposure to a single dose of valproate.