Engineering of Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase with Dual NAD/NADP Cofactor Specificity for Improving Amino Acid Production.

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key enzyme in the central metabolism of microbial cells. GAPDHs differ in cofactor specificity and use NAD, NADP, or both cofactors, reducing them to NADH and NADPH, respectively. Sufficient NADPH supply is one of the critical factors required for synthesis of the amino acids l-lysine, l-threonine, and l-proline in industrially important -based producer strains.