Evaluation of Static DNA Ploidy Analysis Using Conventional Brush Biopsy-Based Cytology Samples as an Adjuvant Diagnostic Tool for the Detection of a Malignant Transformation in Potentially Oral Malignant Diseases: A Prospective Study.

Background: The accuracy of DNA image cytometry as an investigation method for potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity is currently still a subject of controversy, due to inconsistently applied definitions of DNA aneuploidy, small cohorts and different application techniques of the method. The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the method as a supplementary diagnostic tool in addition to the cytological examination using internationally consented definitions for DNA aneuploidy.

Methods: A total of 602 samples from 467 patients with various oral lesions were included in this prospective study.

CT differentiation of enlarged mediastinal lymph node due to anthracosis from metastatic lymphadenopathy: a comparative study proven by endobronchial US-guided transbronchial needle aspiration.

Purpose: Anthracosis often results in mediastinal nodal enlargement. The aim of this comparative study was to evaluate if it is possible to differentiate endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) proven anthracotic lymph nodes from malignant lymph node enlargement by means of multislice computed tomography (MSCT).

Methods: We compared the MSCT findings of 89 enlarged lymph nodes due to anthracosis with 54 malignant lymph nodes (non-small cell lung cancer 75.

Analysis of SHOX2 methylation as an aid to cytology in lung cancer diagnosis.

Background/aim: The Epi proLung® BL Reflex Assay [short stature homeobox gene two methylation assay (SHOX2 assay)] (Epigenomics AG, Berlin, Germany) utilizes quantitative methylation-sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction (QMSP) for the quantification of methylated short stature homeobox gene two (SHOX2) DNA. In the present study, the diagnostic utility of the SHOX2 assay was tested with regard to cytology for different cytological diagnostic categories to assess whether it can complement the cytological examination and the DNA methylation marker panel targeting the gene promoters of adenomatous polyposis coli 1A (APC), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (p16(INK4A)) and Ras association domain family protein 1 (RASSF1A) regarding lung cancer detection in bronchial aspirates.

Materials And Methods: Prospectively collected DNA from 169 patients (cytological diagnosis: 47 tumor-positive, 56 equivocal and 66 tumor-negative) was analyzed for SHOX2 DNA methylation utilizing QMSP.

SHOX2 DNA methylation is a tumour marker in pleural effusions.

Background: The published sensitivity of cytological examination for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) ranges between 50% and 71%. The Epi proLung® BL Reflex Assay (Epigenomics AG, Berlin, Germany) has been reported as being highly sensitive and specific for lung cancer using bronchial aspirates. We hypothesize the assay to be of use in the detection of MPE.

Equivocal cytology in lung cancer diagnosis: improvement of diagnostic accuracy using adjuvant multicolor FISH, DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis.

Background: Sometimes, cytological lung cancer diagnosis is challenging because equivocal diagnoses are common. To enhance diagnostic accuracy, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), DNA-image cytometry, and quantitative promoter hypermethylation analysis have been proposed as adjuncts.

Methods: Bronchial washings and/or brushings or transbronchial fine-needle aspiration biopsies were prospectively collected from patients who were clinically suspected of having lung carcinoma.

Hemodynamic support by left ventricular assist devices reduces cardiomyocyte DNA content in the failing human heart.

Background: Whether adult cardiomyocytes have the capacity to regenerate in response to injury and, if so, to what extent are still issues of intense debate. In human heart failure, cardiomyocytes harbor a polyploid genome. A unique opportunity to study the mechanism of polyploidization is provided through the setting of hemodynamic support by left ventricular assist devices.

Extrahepatic intraductal ectopic hepatocellular carcinoma: bile duct filling defect.

Background: Obstructive jaundice caused by an intraductal hepatocellular carcinoma is a rare initial symptom. We report a rare case of an extrahepatic icteric type hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods: A 75-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital because of obstructive jaundice 3 months after resection of multilocular hepatocellular carcinoma.

Immunocytochemical typing of primary tumors on fine-needle aspiration cytologies of lymph nodes.

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of immunocytochemistry as an ancillary method on routine FNACs of enlarged lymph nodes, using different markers. In a validating cohort study all patients had confirmatory histological and/or clinical follow-up. 10 FNACs were analyzed for the differentiation of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) from metastatic carcinoma (MC), 30 cases to identify the sites of metastatic unknown primary tumors and 16 cases were checked to confirm clinical suspicion of a specific MC.

9p21 Deletion in the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma in serous effusions additional to immunocytochemistry, DNA-ICM, and AgNOR analysis.

Background: The diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma (MM) in serous effusions is difficult but may be achieved by the application of adjuvant methods.

Methods: The authors cytologically diagnosed 33 effusions as suspicious or positive for MM cells by using DNA-image cytometry (DNA-ICM), immunocytochemistry and AgNOR analysis. The authors further detected 9p21 deletions by chromosomal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Early cytological diagnosis of diffuse malignant mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a case report.

Mesotheliomas are the most frequent primary malignant tumors of serosal cavities with a poor prognosis. A definitive and early diagnosis on effusion samples is important, because recent advances in therapy for patients with mesothelioma may result in an improved outcome if they are applied to stage I disease. We report a case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma diagnosed repeatedly by cytology in ascites fluids 1.

Additional use of DNA-image cytometry improves the assessment of resection margins.

Background: Despite the histopathologic findings of tumor-free margins, patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) often suffer from local tumor relapse. The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic value of DNA-image cytometry in the assessment of resection margins.

Methods: DNA-image cytometry was performed in 40 SCC patients with histologically tumor-free resection margins.

Immunocytochemical diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma and identification of carcinomas of unknown primary metastatic to the liver on fine-needle aspiration cytologies.

Background: Difficulties with cytologic diagnoses on fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the liver can be overcome by the application of immunocytochemical panels applied on smears. The aim of the current study was to analyze the performance of a panel of monoclonal antibodies to differentiate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from metastatic carcinoma (MC) or regenerative nodules, and to identify the to date unknown primary sites of carcinomas that had metastasized to the liver.

Methods: In a validating cohort study, 108 FNACs coin lesions in the liver were routinely evaluated applying immunocytochemistry as an ancillary method.

Verrucous carcinoma of the buccal mucosa: histopathological, cytological and DNA-cytometric features.

We describe a patient with an exophytic oral lesion diagnosed as verrucous carcinoma. The lesion existed without metastases, at least 5 years. Local excisions led to recurrences and continuous expansion.

Cytologic and DNA-cytometric examination of oral lesions in lichen planus.

Background: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of exfoliative cytology (EC) and DNA image cytometry applied to oral lesions of lichen planus (LP; n = 56), in order to detect or exclude malignant transformation.

Methods: Brush and excisional biopsies were obtained from 56 patients. In cases of oral LP in which brush biopsies were suspicious for tumor cells, nuclear DNA contents were measured, using a TV Image Analysis System.

Immunocytochemical identification of carcinomas of unknown primary in serous effusions.

Metastases from carcinomas of unknown primary site (CUP) in serous effusion are a common clinical problem. Immunocytochemistry was applied as an adjunct to the cytological diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas in serous effusions. Subjects of this study were 118 pleural, 53 peritoneal, and 9 pericardial effusions from 180 patients routinely investigated in the Institute of Cytopathology.

Interobserver reproducibility of DNA-image-cytometry in ASCUS or higher cervical cytology.

In the present study, the aim has been to investigate the interobserver reproducibility of DNA-image-cytometry (DNA-ICM) applied to routine Pap smears classified as Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) or higher lesions (ASCUS+). 202 Pap smears diagnosed as ASCUS or higher were included in the study. After cytological assessment, smears underwent restaining according to Feulgen.

Diagnostic DNA-flow- vs. -image-cytometry in effusion cytology.

Aims: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of flow- and image-cytometry for the detection of DNA-aneuploidy as a marker for malignant cells in effusions.

Methods: 200 effusions (80 tumor cell-positive, 74 negative and 46 cytologically equivocal) were stained with DAPI-SR for DNA-flow- and with Feulgen-Pararosaniline for -image-cytometry. They were measured using a PAS-flow-cytometer and an AutoCyte-QUIC-DNA-workstation according to the ESACP consensus reports for DNA-flow- and -image-cytometry, respectively [7,23,29,49].

Immune cells in the anterior chamber of patients with immune reactions after penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: Lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages are the predominating immune cells in graft rejection after keratoplasty in animal models. This study focuses on the isolation of immune cells from the anterior chamber of patients with slight, moderate, and severe endothelial immune reactions after penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: Anterior chamber puncture was performed in five patients with cataract without inflammation and without penetrating keratoplasty (C1), in three patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty without immune reactions (C2), in four patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty after complete resolution of endothelial immune reactions (C3), in seven patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty with slight endothelial immune reactions (IMI), in 10 patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty with moderate endothelial immune reactions (IM2), and in eight patients undergoing penetrating keratoplasty with severe endothelial immune reactions (IM3).