Clinical outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis who do not transition to psychosis: a meta-analysis.

Aims: The clinical outcomes of individuals at clinical high risk of psychosis (CHR-P) who do not transition to psychosis are heterogeneous and inconsistently reported. We aimed to comprehensively evaluate longitudinally a wide range of outcomes in CHR-P individuals not developing psychosis.

Methods: "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses" and "Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology"-compliant meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42021229212) searching original CHR-P longitudinal studies in PubMed and Web of Science databases up to 01/11/2021.

Longitudinal outcome of attenuated positive symptoms, negative symptoms, functioning and remission in people at clinical high risk for psychosis: a meta-analysis.

Background: Little is known about clinical outcomes other than transition to psychosis in people at Clinical High-Risk for psychosis (CHR-P). Our aim was to comprehensively meta-analytically evaluate for the first time a wide range of clinical and functional outcomes beyond transition to psychosis in CHR-P individuals.

Methods: PubMed and Web of Science were searched until November 2020 in this PRISMA compliant meta-analysis (PROSPERO:CRD42020206271).

Examining service-user perspectives for the development of a good outcome checklist for individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Aims: Around 15% of patients at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) experience symptomatic remission and functional recovery at follow-up, yet the definition of a good outcome (GO) in this population requires further development. Outcomes are typically designed and rated by clinicians rather than patients, to measure adverse as opposed to GOs. Here we investigate how CHR-P subjects define a GO, with the aim of developing a checklist that could be used to measure GO in this clinical group.

Cannabidiol attenuates insular dysfunction during motivational salience processing in subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Accumulating evidence points towards the antipsychotic potential of cannabidiol. However, the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the antipsychotic effect of cannabidiol remain unclear. We investigated this in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm study.

What Causes the Onset of Psychosis in Individuals at Clinical High Risk? A Meta-analysis of Risk and Protective Factors.

Twenty percent of individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR-P) develop the disorder within 2 years. Extensive research has explored the factors that differentiate those who develop psychosis and those who do not, but the results are conflicting. The current systematic review and meta-analysis comprehensively addresses the consistency and magnitude of evidence for non-purely genetic risk and protective factors associated with the risk of developing psychosis in CHR-P individuals.

Towards a framework for good outcome in people at clinical high risk for psychosis: A Delphi consensus study.

Background: Outcomes in people at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHRP) have usually been defined in terms of psychosis onset. However, within the subgroup of individuals who do not develop psychosis, some have persistent symptoms; while in others, symptoms resolve and functioning is restored. Currently, little is known about what predicts a good outcome (GO) in CHR-P individuals, partly because there is no consensus on how this should be defined.

Poor medication adherence and risk of relapse associated with continued cannabis use in patients with first-episode psychosis: a prospective analysis.

Background: Cannabis use following the onset of first-episode psychosis has been linked to both increased risk of relapse and non-adherence with antipsychotic medication. Whether poor outcome associated with cannabis use is mediated through an adverse effect of cannabis on medication adherence is unclear.

Methods: In a prospective analysis of data acquired from four different adult inpatient and outpatient units of the South London and Maudsley Mental Health National Health Service Foundation Trust in London, UK, 245 patients were followed up for 2 years from the onset of first-episode psychosis.

Effect of continued cannabis use on medication adherence in the first two years following onset of psychosis.

Uncertainty exists whether the use of non-prescription psychoactive substances following onset of a first episode of psychosis (FEP), in particular cannabis use, affects medication adherence. Data from FEP patients (N=233) obtained through prospective assessments measured medication adherence and pattern of cannabis and other substance use in the first two years following onset of psychosis. Multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to compare the different substance use groups with regard to risk of medication non-adherence, while controlling for confounders.

Association Between Continued Cannabis Use and Risk of Relapse in First-Episode Psychosis: A Quasi-Experimental Investigation Within an Observational Study.

Importance: Cannabis use after first-episode psychosis is associated with poor outcomes, but the causal nature of this association is unclear.

Objective: To examine the precise nature of the association between continued cannabis use after the onset of psychosis and risk of relapse of psychosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective cohort study followed up for at least 2 years after the onset of psychosis 220 patients who presented to psychiatric services in South London, England, from April 12, 2002, to July 26, 2013, with first-episode psychosis.

Effects of continuation, frequency, and type of cannabis use on relapse in the first 2 years after onset of psychosis: an observational study.

Background: Although cannabis use after a first episode of psychosis has been associated with relapse, little is known about the determinants of this most preventable risk factor for relapse of psychosis. Here we aimed to study whether the effects on outcome vary depending on the type of cannabis consumed and usage pattern.

Methods: In this observational study, we prospectively recruited and followed up patients aged 18-65 years who presented with their first episode of psychosis to psychiatric services in south London, London, UK.

Psychometric and neurobiological assessment of resilience in a non-clinical sample of adults.

Background: Resilient individuals are capable of adjusting and coping successfully in the face of adversity. Efforts to assess resilience and its biomarkers have focused on individuals with a history of trauma and related disorders.

Objective: To psychologically assess resilience in a non-clinical community population through questionnaires, and analyse the associations between the psychological parameters and salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) as putative biomarkers of resilience.