IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalate exposure and reproductive effects in rodents: a model for approaches on the protective role of natural products.

In Brief: Exposure to phthalates, alone or in mixtures, at different periods of development alters the reproductive function of males and females, especially in rodents, where they have been most studied. This review addressed the most recent data (last 10 years) on exposure to phthalates in different scenarios and how the use of natural products could mitigate the harmful effects caused by exposure at different stages of development.

Abstract: This review article summarizes the experimental findings in rodents published between 2014 and 2024 concerning phthalates exposure and reproductive outcomes.

GLUT2 proteins and PPARγ transcripts levels are increased in liver of ovariectomized rats: reversal effects of resistance training.

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of ovariectomy (Ovx) and 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on gene expression of GLUT2, the main glucose transporter in the liver, and on PPARγ, a transcription factor known to target GLUT2 expression.

Methods: Forty Holtzman rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham-sedentary (Sed), Sham- RT, Ovx-Sed, Ovx-RT, and Ovx-Sed with hormone replacement (E2). The RT protocol consisted of sessions held every 72 h for 12 weeks, during which the animals performed 4 to 9 vertical climbs (1.