The Kinetics of Inflammation-Related Proteins and Cytokines in Children Undergoing CAR-T Cell Therapy-Are They Biomarkers of Therapy-Related Toxicities?

CD19-targeted CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, it can be associated with acute toxicities related to immune activation, particularly cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Cytokines released from activated immune cells play a key role in their pathophysiology.