Identification and Characterization of Multiple Paneth Cell Types in the Mouse Small Intestine.

The small intestinal crypts harbor secretory Paneth cells (PCs) which express bactericidal peptides that are crucial for maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Considering the diverse environmental conditions throughout the course of the small intestine, multiple subtypes of PCs are expected to exist. We applied single-cell RNA-sequencing of PCs combined with deep bulk RNA-sequencing on PC populations of different small intestinal locations and discovered several expression-based PC clusters.

Paneth cell TNF signaling induces gut bacterial translocation and sepsis.

The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) plays important roles in limiting infection but is also linked to sepsis. The mechanisms underlying these paradoxical roles are unclear. Here, we show that TNF limits the antimicrobial activity of Paneth cells (PCs), causing bacterial translocation from the gut to various organs.

Investigating the modulation of the endocannabinoid system by probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMC513 in a zebrafish model of di-n-hexyl phthalate exposure.

Environmental pollutants used as plasticizers in food packaging and in thousands of everyday products have become harmful for their impact on human health. Among them, phthalates, recognized as emerging endocrine disruptors (EDs) can induce toxic effects leading to different health disorders. Only few studies evaluated the effects of di-n-hexyl phthalate (DnHP) in in vivo models and no studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of DnHP on the endocannabinoid system (ECS), one of the majors signaling pathways involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

A proteomic insight reveals the role of food-associated C9O4 in reverting intestinal inflammation.

Nowadays, Western diets and lifestyle lead to an increasing occurrence of chronic gut inflammation that represents an emerging health concern with still a lack of successful therapies. Fermented foods, and their associated lactic acid bacteria, have recently regained popularity for their probiotic potential including the maintenance of gut homeostasis by modulating the immune and inflammatory response. Our study aims to investigate the crosstalk between the food-borne strain C9O4 and intestinal epithelial cells in an inflammation model.

Paneth cells as the cornerstones of intestinal and organismal health: a primer.

Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by preserving homeostasis. They perform this function by providing niche factors to the intestinal stem cell compartment, regulating the composition of the microbiome through the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides, performing phagocytosis and efferocytosis, taking up heavy metals, and preserving barrier integrity.

Microbial bile salt hydrolase activity influences gene expression profiles and gastrointestinal maturation in infant mice.

The mechanisms by which early microbial colonizers of the neonate influence gut development are poorly understood. Bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) acts as a putative colonization factor that influences bile acid signatures and microbe-host signaling pathways and we considered whether this activity can influence infant gut development. analysis of the human neonatal gut metagenome confirmed that BSH enzyme sequences are present as early as one day postpartum.

Comparative Genomics of : Insights Into Probiotic Markers in Strains Isolated From the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Fermented Foods.

( is a versatile species commonly found in a wide variety of ecological niches including dairy products and vegetables, while it may also occur as a natural inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract. Although strains have been suggested to exert beneficial properties on their host, the precise mechanisms underlying these microbe-host interactions are still obscure. In this context, the genome-scale analysis of putative probiotic bacteria represents a bottom-up approach to identify probiotic biomarkers, predict desirable functional properties, and identify potentially detrimental antibiotic resistance genes.

Impact of Food Origin Strains on the Human Intestinal Microbiota in an System.

We have previously isolated and characterized food-dwelling strains of () that are consumed naturally as part of the microbiota of table olives and raw milk cheeses. Despite being consumed at relatively high levels, the impact of such strains on the human gut microbiota is currently unclear. In the current study we evaluated the potential impact of food-dominant strains on the human gut microbiota using a continuous fecal fermentation system.

Point mutation I634A in the glucocorticoid receptor causes embryonic lethality by reduced ligand binding.

The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR) is essential for normal development and in the initiation of inflammation. Healthy GR mice with reduced dimerization propensity due to a point mutation (A465T) at the dimer interface of the GR DNA-binding domain (DBD) (here GR) have previously helped to define the functions of GR monomers and dimers. Since GR retains residual dimerization capacity, here we generated the dimer-nullifying double mutant GR mice, featuring an additional mutation (I634A) in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of GR.

Health-Promoting Role of Isolated from Fermented Foods.

Fermentation processes have been used for centuries for food production and preservation. Besides the contribution of fermentation to food quality, recently, scientific interest in the beneficial nature of fermented foods as a reservoir of probiotic candidates is increasing. Fermented food microbes are gaining attention for their health-promoting potential and for being genetically related to human probiotic bacteria.

Immunomodulation of J774A.1 Murine Macrophages by Strains Isolated From the Human Gastrointestinal Tract and Fermented Foods.

species (recently re-named subsp. ) can be isolated from both either the mammalian gut or specific fermented foods where they may be present at high concentrations. Whilst strains have been proposed as potential probiotic candidates, the ability of resident strains consumed in fermented foods to interact with the host is unclear.

Food-borne Lactiplantibacillus plantarum protect normal intestinal cells against inflammation by modulating reactive oxygen species and IL-23/IL-17 axis.

Food-associated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lpb. plantarum) strains, previously classified as Lactobacillus plantarum, are a promising strategy to face intestinal inflammatory diseases. Our study was aimed at clarifying the protective role of food-borne Lpb.

Probiotic antigenotoxic activity as a DNA bioprotective tool: a minireview with focus on endocrine disruptors.

Nowadays, the interest in the role of dietary components able to influence the composition and the activity of the intestinal microbiota and, consequently, to modulate the risk of genotoxicity and colon cancer is increasing in the scientific community. Within this topic, the microbial ability to have a protective role at gastrointestinal level by counteracting the biological activity of genotoxic compounds, and thus preventing the DNA damage, is deemed important in reducing gut pathologies and is considered a new tool for probiotics and functional foods. A variety of genotoxic compounds can be found in the gut and, besides food-related mutagens and other DNA-reacting compounds, there is a group of pollutants commonly used in food packaging and/or in thousands of everyday products called endocrine disruptors (EDs).

Corrigendum: Changes in Polyphenolic Concentrations of Table Olives (cv. Itrana) Produced Under Different Irrigation Regimes During Spontaneous or Inoculated Fermentation.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.

Table Olives More than a Fermented Food.

Table olives are one of the oldest vegetable fermented foods in the Mediterranean area. Beside their economic impact, fermented table olives represent also an important healthy food in the Mediterranean diet, because of their high content of bioactive and health-promoting compounds. However, olive fermentation is still craft-based following traditional processes, which can lead to a not fully predictable final product with the risk of spontaneous alterations.

Adhesion Properties of Food-Associated Strains on Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Modulation of IL-8 Release.

Food-associated microbes can reach the gut as viable cells and interact with the human host providing potential health benefits. In this study, we evaluated the impact on cell viability and the adhesion ability of 22 strains, mainly isolated from fermented foods, on a Normal-derived Colon Mucosa cell line. Furthermore, due to the presence of mucus layer on the gut epithelium, we also investigated whether the mucin could affect the microbial adhesion property.

Changes in Polyphenolic Concentrations of Table Olives (cv. Itrana) Produced Under Different Irrigation Regimes During Spontaneous or Inoculated Fermentation.

Irrigation is widely used for the production of table olives because it increases fruit size and yield. However, irrigation also determines less accumulation of total phenols, an increase in water content, a decrease of firmness, lower concentrations of soluble sugars in the mesocarp, thus positively or negatively affecting the fermentation process for the production of table olives. In this study we tested the hypothesis that green fruits of cultivar Itrana obtained by different irrigation regimes had different phenolic concentration that responded differentially to spontaneous or inoculated fermentation.

Effect of ewe's (semi-skimmed and whole) and cow's milk yogurt consumption on the lipid profile of control subjects: a crossover study.

Yogurt is the most widely consumed fermented milk product worldwide. Studies have mainly used milk and dairy products from cow, which have a lower fat content than those from ewe and a different lipid profile. This study investigated the effect on the lipid profile of control subjects of three different set yogurts: (a) semi-skimmed ewe´s milk yogurt (2.