Prenatal stress induces sex- and tissue-specific alterations in insulin pathway of Wistar rats offspring.

Background And Aims: Prenatal stress may lead to tissue and sex-specific cardiometabolic disorders in the offspring through imbalances in the insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, we aimed to determine the sex-specific adaptations of prenatal stress on the insulin signaling pathway of cardiac and hepatic tissue of adult offspring Wistar rats.

Methods: Wistar pregnant rats were divided into control and stress groups.

Effects of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition on cardiovascular function in resistant hypertension: A systematic review.

Approximately 12-18% of hypertensive patients are diagnosed with resistant hypertension (RH). The risk of having worse cardiovascular outcomes is twice higher in those patients. The low effectiveness of conventional antihypertensive drugs in RH emphasizes the need to evaluate complementary drug therapies to achieve blood pressure (BP) control.

Molecular mechanisms underlying fructose-induced cardiovascular disease: exercise, metabolic pathways and microRNAs.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What are the mechanisms underlying the cardiac protective effect of aerobic training in the progression of a high fructose-induced cardiometabolic disease in Wistar rats? What is the main finding and its importance? At the onset of cardiovascular disease, aerobic training activates the p-p70S6K, ERK and IRβ-PI3K-AKT pathways, without changing the miR-126 and miR-195 levels, thereby providing evidence that aerobic training modulates the insulin signalling pathway. These data contribute to the understanding of the molecular cardiac changes that are associated with physiological left ventricular hypertrophy during the development of a cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: During the onset of cardiovascular disease (CVD), disturbances in myocardial vascularization, cell proliferation and protein expression are observed.

Chemotherapy acutely impairs neurovascular and hemodynamic responses in women with breast cancer.

The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that doxorubicin (DX) and cyclophosphamide (CY) adjuvant chemotherapy (CHT) acutely impairs neurovascular and hemodynamic responses in women with breast cancer. Sixteen women (age: 47.0 ± 2.

Oscillatory shear stress induces hemostatic imbalance in healthy men.

Introduction: In vitro and animal model studies have demonstrated that oscillatory shear can trigger vascular hemostasis and remodeling. However, the roles of hemodynamic forces in vascular human biology are not well understood. This study aimed to determine the effects of increasing oscillatory shear stress (OSS) on coagulation/fibrinolysis factors and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in healthy subjects.

Efficacy and effectiveness trials have different goals, use different tools, and generate different messages.

The discussion about the optimal design of clinical trials reflects the perspectives of theory-based scientists and practice-based clinicians. Scientists compare the theory with published results. They observe a continuum from explanatory to pragmatic trials.

Sex Differences in High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in Subjects with Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a prototypic marker of inflammation usually increased in MetS. Women with MetS-related diseases present higher hsCRP levels than men with MetS-related diseases, suggesting sex differences in inflammatory markers.

Mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells with exercise in healthy individuals: a systematic review.

Physical exercise mobilizes endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to peripheral blood. However, this effect seems to depend on exercise characteristics, such as duration and intensity. The aim of this systematic review was to verify the impact of a single bout of aerobic exercise on the mobilization of EPCs in healthy individuals, and the potential mechanisms involved.

Impaired hemodynamic response to mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is improved after a single bout of maximal dynamic exercise.

Introduction: High blood pressure during mental stress in subjects with prehypertension is associated with blunted vasodilation in skeletal muscles, which might be improved by an acute bout of exercise.

Objective: To investigate the hemodynamic responses to mental stress before and after a bout of exercise in subjects with prehypertension.

Method: Eighteen subjects with prehypertension and 16 with normotension underwent a mental stress test before and after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test on a treadmill.

The 894G>T endothelial nitric oxide synthase genetic polymorphism affects hemodynamic responses to mental stress performed before and after exercise.

Nitric oxide is the primary mediator of vasodilation during mental stress. Since genetic polymorphisms in the nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene seem to impair the production of NO, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of an exercise bout on hemodynamic responses to mental stress in subjects with the 894G>T polymorphism of eNOS. Subjects without (wild-type group; n = 16) or with (polymorphic-type group; n = 19) the 894G>T polymorphism underwent a mental stress challenge before and after a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test.

Intra- and inter-tester reproducibility of venous occlusion plethysmography: comparison between a manual and a semi-automatic method of blood flow analysis.

Venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) is a valid non-invasive method to assess peripheral blood flow (BF) in humans. Our aim was to determine intra- and inter-tester reproducibility of BF analysis using a traditional manual method and a novel system, based on a semi-automatic approach. Ten healthy subjects and ten subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF) were evaluated.