Physical Activity Levels and Body Mass Index in Sport Education. Is There a Difference?

The goals of this study were: (1) to assess students' physical activity levels in a sport education season according to the phases of the model, adjusted for body mass index; (2) to uncover the contribution of the phases of the model to the World Health Organization recommendations; (3) to understand its impact in students with overweight/obesity. A total of 42 primary education students with a mean age of 10.68 ± 0.

The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and fatness in 3-6 years old boys and girls: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Physical activity (PA), fatness and fitness in children and teenagers have been associated with short and long-term health benefits. However, little research analyzing these variables focuses on the preschool education stage. Thus, the objective of this research is to study the relationship between PA, fatness and fitness in 3-6 years old boys and girls.

Alternatives to continuous positive airway pressure treatment in sleep apnoeas and hypopnoeas syndrome related to myofunctional and postural reeducation therapy: protocol for a systematic review.

Introduction: The main treatment for sleep apnoeas and hypopnoeas syndrome (SAHS) is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, patients sometimes do not adhere to the treatment protocol. Supplementary and complementary therapies have appeared as alternatives.

The relative age effect on physical fitness in preschool children.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the existence of a relative age effect (RAE) on physical fitness of preschoolers. Anthropometry and physical fitness were assessed in 3147 children (3-5 years old) using the PREFIT battery. Based on the birth year, participants were divided into 3year groups (3-, 4- and 5-years).

Nutritional habits and levels of physical activity during pregnancy, birth and the postpartum period of women in Toledo (Spain): study protocol for a two-year prospective cohort study (the PrePaN study).

Introduction: Pregnant women who eat a balanced diet usually practice physical activity (PA) regularly; there are many studies on PA during pregnancy and the results for the mother and baby. However, the guideline for PA during pregnancy is very general and is not quantified. The primary objective of this study is to examine the nutritional habits and levels of PA of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Movement behaviors and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Growing evidence has accumulated in recent years showing that movement behaviors have important implications for health in children, especially for cardiovascular health, whose risk factors could track from childhood to adulthood. However, these findings are mixed and inconsistent in children. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between different movement behaviors (sedentary behavior, physical activity and sleep duration) and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren.

Does Cardiorespiratory Fitness Attenuate the Adverse Effects of Severe/Morbid Obesity on Cardiometabolic Risk and Insulin Resistance in Children? A Pooled Analysis.

Objective: To investigate ) differences in cardiometabolic risk and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) across BMI categories (underweight to morbid obesity), ) whether fit children have lower cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR than unfit children in each BMI category, and ) differences in cardiometabolic risk/HOMA-IR in normal-weight unfit children and obese fit children.

Research Design And Methods: A pooled study including cross-sectional data from three projects ( = 1,247 children aged 8-11 years). Cardiometabolic risk was assessed using the sum of the sex- and age-specific scores for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, and the average of systolic and diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR.

Energy Expenditure in Playground Games in Primary School Children Measured by Accelerometer and Heart Rate Monitors.

The aim of this study was to examine the energy expenditure (EE) measured using indirect calorimetry (IC) during playground games and to assess the validity of heart rate (HR) and accelerometry counts as indirect indicators of EE in children´s physical activity games. 32 primary school children (9.9 ± 0.

Association between parental socioeconomic status with underweight and obesity in children from two Spanish birth cohorts: a changing relationship.

Background: Our objective was twofold: to estimate the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in two birth cohorts (1999-2000 and 2007-2008) from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain; and to examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and weight status in these two cohorts.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of baseline measurements was utilised in two cluster randomised trials. Using population-based samples of children from Castilla-La Mancha, Spain, 1158 children with a mean age of 9.

Levels and Patterns of Objectively Assessed Physical Activity and Compliance with Different Public Health Guidelines in University Students.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is associated with health enhancement. The aim of this study was to assess: 1) levels and patterns of PA in university students by using accelerometers; and 2) the percentage of fulfilment of PA recommendations for adults, according to different public health guidelines.

Methods: Observational cross-sectional study (Cuenca's Adults Study) involving 296 (206 women) healthy Spanish university students aged 18-25 years old.

Physical activity and bone health in schoolchildren: the mediating role of fitness and body fat.

Background: The relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone health is well known, although the role of percent body fat (%BF) and fitness as confounders or mediators in this relationship remains uncertain.

Objective: To examine whether the association between PA and bone mineral content (BMC) is mediated by %BF and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).

Methods: In this cross sectional study, BMC, total %BF (by DXA), vigorous PA (VPA), CRF, age and height were measured in 132 schoolchildren (62 boys, aged 8-11 years).

Rationale and methods of a randomised cross-over cluster trial to assess the effectiveness of MOVI-KIDS on preventing obesity in pre-schoolers.

Background: Childhood obesity has become an alarming worldwide increasing public health problem. The earlier adiposity rebound occurs, the greater the risk of becoming obese during puberty and adolescence. It has been speculated about the potential influence of vigorous physical activity on modifying the age of onset of adiposity rebound.

BMI as a mediator of the relationship between muscular fitness and cardiometabolic risk in children: a mediation analysis.

Objective: Muscular fitness levels have been associated with cardiometabolic risk in children, although whether body weight acts as a confounder or as an intermediate variable in this relationship remains controversial. The aim of this study was to examine whether the association between muscular fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors is mediated by body mass index (BMI).

Design And Methods: Cross-sectional study using a sample of 1158 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years from the province of Cuenca, Spain.

Effectiveness of multifactorial interventions in primary health care settings for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review of systematic reviews.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of multifactorial interventions carried out in the community setting to decrease cardiovascular risk in healthy patients.

Methods: Systematic review of the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from January 1980 to January 2014. Identified for inclusion were systematic reviews of clinical trials that included multifactorial interventions carried out in primary care or community settings, targeting more than one cardiovascular risk factor, and implementing more than one type of intervention.

The relationship between beverage intake and weight status in children: the Cuenca study.

Introduction: Beverage consumption is becoming more important in current research regarding its possible association with the childhood obesity epidemic. The influence of physical activity on fluid intake has been poorly studied, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) may be a reliable marker for this type of assessment. The present study analysed beverage intake related to weight, adjusted by CRF, in children aged 9 to 11 years.

Physical fitness, obesity, and academic achievement in schoolchildren.

Objective: To examine the association of physical fitness and obesity with academic achievement and the independent association between fitness and academic achievement after controlling for relevant confounders such as age, parental education, and body mass index in school aged children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study including 893 schoolchildren, aged 9-11 years, from Cuenca, Spain. Data were collected from September to November 2010.

Physical activity, fitness, and metabolic syndrome in young adults.

Purpose: Our objective was to analyze the association between different intensities of physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional study including 275 university students, 18-30 years old, from Cuenca, Spain. We evaluated (a) physical activity using accelerometry, (b) aerobic capacity (VO2max), and (c) muscle strength, by a muscle strength index calculated as the sum of the standardized z score of handgrip dynamometry/weight and standing broad jump.

Trends in excess of weight, underweight and adiposity among Spanish children from 2004 to 2010: the Cuenca Study.

Objective: To examine the trends in BMI and adiposity among schoolchildren from Cuenca, Spain, during 2004-2010.

Design: Two methodologically comparable surveys were carried out in 2004 and 2010.

Setting: Primary schools in Cuenca, a province in the middle of Spain.

[Validity of a single-factor model underlying the metabolic syndrome in young adults: confirmatory factor analysis].

Introduction And Objectives: To determine by confirmatory factor analysis whether a model of the metabolic syndrome including waist circumference-to-height ratio, as a measure of adiposity, has better goodness of fit than that based on waist circumference alone and, on the basis of the data of the best-fit model, to develop an index of global cardiometabolic risk in young adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study involving 683 university students aged 18 to 30 years, in their first year at the University of Castilla-La Mancha in Spain, during the 2009-10 academic year. We compared the best fit of 2 models of the metabolic syndrome, both of which included the triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, HOMA-IR index, and mean arterial blood pressure, but differed in that one of them used waist circumference, whereas the other used the waist circumference-to-height ratio.