Structural modification of naturally occurring phenolics as a strategy for developing cytotoxic molecules towards cancer cells.

Natural products belonging to different chemical classes have been established as a promising source of novel anticancer drugs. Several low-molecular-weight compounds from the classes of monoterpenes, phenylpropanoids, and flavonoids were shown to possess anticancer activities in previous studies. In this work, over 20 semisynthetic derivatives of molecules belonging to these classes, namely thymol, eugenol, and 6-hydroxyflavanone were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines, namely AGS cells (gastric adenocarcinoma) and A549 cells (human lung carcinoma).

New carvacrol and thymol derivatives as potential insecticides: synthesis, biological activity, computational studies and nanoencapsulation.

New compounds with potential insecticide activity were synthesized by structural modifications performed in the monoterpenoid phenolic moieties of carvacrol and thymol, resulting in a set of derivatives with the ether function containing the propyl, chloropropyl or hydroxypropyl chains, as well as a bicyclic ether with an unsaturated chain containing a carboxylic acid terminal. In addition, an analogue of carvacrol and thymol isomers bearing methoxyl, 1-hydroxyethyl and (3-chlorobenzoyl)oxy, instead of the three original methyl groups, was also synthesized. Several structural changes that resulted in diminished insecticide activity have been identified, but two significantly active molecules have been synthesized, one of them being less toxic to human cells than the naturally-derived starting materials.

Dissemination of health technologies: Trends in the use of diagnostic test in breast cancer screening.

Objective: To analyse trends in the use of diagnostic test in breast cancer screening programs in Spain.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective study of 542,695 women who had undergone at least one screening mammogram in any of the screening centres of three administrative regions in Spain, between 1996 and 2011. Process measures were: overall recall rate, overall invasive test rate, and rates of each type of invasive test (fine-needle aspiration biopsy, core-needle biopsy and surgical biopsy).

[Risk of falls and consumption of medicines in an elderly population].

Objectives: To describe the risk factors and the effect of medication use on the risk of falls in a population of 65 years or older.

Material And Methods: Descriptive study of falls in the elderly population. The risk factors and consequences of the fall were recorded.

Clinical and histologic characteristics of breast cancers in women with previous pathologic diagnosis of benign breast disease in Spain.

Women with a benign breast disease (BBD) have an increased risk of subsequent breast carcinoma. Information is scarce regarding the characteristics of breast carcinomas diagnosed after a BBD. Our aim was to point out the differences in clinical and histologic characteristics of breast carcinomas diagnosed in women with and without a previous pathologic diagnosis of BBD in the context of population-based mammography screening.

[Impact of chronic illness on hospital nursing workloads].

Objectives: To evaluate the short-term impact of chronic illness in hospital units and to establish a method that allows nursing workloads to be adapted according to the care needs of patients.

Methods: A descriptive study of the evolution of workloads of nursing staff associated with the care needs of patients between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2016, in a county hospital. The care needs of the patients were assessed daily using an adaptation of the Montesinos scheme.

Repurposing and Reformulation of the Antiparasitic Agent Flubendazole for Treatment of Cryptococcal Meningoencephalitis, a Neglected Fungal Disease.

Current therapeutic options for cryptococcal meningitis are limited by toxicity, global supply, and emergence of resistance. There is an urgent need to develop additional antifungal agents that are fungicidal within the central nervous system and preferably orally bioavailable. The benzimidazoles have broad-spectrum antiparasitic activity but also have antifungal activity that includes Flubendazole (a benzimidazole) has been reformulated by Janssen Pharmaceutica as an amorphous solid drug nanodispersion to develop an orally bioavailable medicine for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases such as onchocerciasis.

Biomarkers expression in benign breast diseases and risk of subsequent breast cancer: a case-control study.

Women with benign breast diseases (BBD) have a high risk of breast cancer. However, no biomarkers have been clearly established to predict cancer in these women. Our aim was to explore whether estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki67 expression stratify risk of breast cancer in screened women with BBD.

[Variations in the diagnostic confirmation process between breast cancer mass screening units].

Objective: To analyse variations in the diagnostic confirmation process between screening units, variations in the outcome of each episode and the relationship between the use of the different diagnostic confirmation tests and the lesion detection rate.

Method: Observational study of variability of the standardised use of diagnostic and lesion detection tests in 34 breast cancer mass screening units participating in early-detection programmes in three Spanish regions from 2002-2011.

Results: The diagnostic test variation ratio in percentiles 25-75 ranged from 1.

Risk of Breast Cancer in Women with False-Positive Results according to Mammographic Features.

Purpose To assess the risk of breast cancer in women with false-positive screening results according to radiologic classification of mammographic features. Materials and Methods Review board approval was obtained, with waiver of informed consent. This retrospective cohort study included 521 200 women aged 50-69 years who underwent screening as part of the Spanish Breast Cancer Screening Program between 1994 and 2010 and who were observed until December 2012.

Breast cancer risk after diagnosis by screening mammography of nonproliferative or proliferative benign breast disease: a study from a population-based screening program.

Benign breast disease increases the risk of breast cancer. This association has scarcely been evaluated in the context of breast cancer screening programs although it is a prevalent finding in mammography screening. We assessed the association of distinct categories of benign breast disease and subsequent risk of breast cancer, as well as the influence of a family history of breast cancer.

[Breast cancer incidence related with a population-based screening program].

Objective: To compare breast cancer cumulative incidence, time evolution and stage at diagnosis between participants and non-participant women in a population-based screening program.

Methods: Cohort study of breast cancer incidence in relation to participation in a population screening program. The study population included women from the target population of the screening program.

Trends in detection of invasive cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ at biennial screening mammography in Spain: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Breast cancer incidence has decreased in the last decade, while the incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has increased substantially in the western world. The phenomenon has been attributed to the widespread adaption of screening mammography. The aim of the study was to evaluate the temporal trends in the rates of screen detected invasive cancers and DCIS, and to compare the observed trends with respect to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use along the same study period.

Mammographic screening programmes in Europe: organization, coverage and participation.

Objectives: To summarize participation and coverage rates in population mammographic screening programmes for breast cancer in Europe.

Methods: We used the European Network for Information on Cancer (EUNICE), a web-based data warehouse (EUNICE Breast Cancer Screening Monitoring, EBCSM) for breast cancer screening, to obtain information on programme characteristics, coverage and participation from its initial application in 10 national and 16 regional programmes in 18 European countries.

Results: The total population targeted by the screening programme services covered in the report comprised 26.

False-positive results in mammographic screening for breast cancer in Europe: a literature review and survey of service screening programmes.

Objective: To estimate the cumulative risk of a false-positive screening result in European mammographic screening programmes, and examine the rates and procedures of further assessment.

Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify studies of the cumulative risk of a false-positive result in European screening programmes (390,000 women). We then examined aggregate data, cross-sectional information about further assessment procedures among women with positive results in 20 mammographic screening programmes from 17 countries (1.

[Assessment of results in the early diagnosis of breast cancer program in Asturias Community].

Objective: To evaluate and disseminate the intermediate results of a breast cancer early detection program in the Asturias Community.

Material And Methods: We report the results of screening examinations performed between 2005 and 2009, using the indicators proposed in the European Guidelines on Quality Assurance in Mammography Screening. The information sources for breast cancer cases diagnosed were the pathology information system and the information on the characteristics of the tumour from the pathology report.

Effect of false-positives and women's characteristics on long-term adherence to breast cancer screening.

False-positive results may influence adherence to mammography screening. The effectiveness of breast cancer screening is closely related to adequate adherence among the target population. The objective of this study was to evaluate how false-positives and women's characteristics affect the likelihood of reattendance at routine breast cancer screening in a sequence of routine screening invitations.

Apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells mediated by specific protein nitration.

Inflammatory conditions are characterized by continuous overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) that can contribute to cell survival but also to cell demise by affecting apoptosis. These facts are important in regulation of hepatic fibrogenesis during exposure to inflammatory stress, since elevated NO may pose the risk of cells with a pro-fibrogenic phenotype giving rise to a sustained proliferation leading to chronic fibrosis. Since nitration of tyrosine residues occurs in a range of diseases involving inflammation, we tested the hypothesis that nitration of specific proteins could result in apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the primary cellular source of matrix components in liver diseases.

Gender differences in the sleep habits of 11-13 year olds.

Objective: Sleep plays an important role in the physical and emotional development of adolescents. The aim of this study was to examine gender differences in sleep habits in a sample of 11-13 year olds.

Method: The study was carried out in the city of Patos de Minas, Brazil.

[Description of registration of episodes of gender violence in medical records in the Principality of Asturias, Spain].

Objective: To describe how episodes of gender violence notified to the Registro de Atención Sanitaria en Violencia contra las Mujeres del Principado de Asturias (VIMPA) are registered in the clinical records of a health area of this geographical region.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, descriptive study in a sample of cases collected in the VIMPA Registry in 2005 and 2006. The variables analyzed were the way in which the episode of gender violence was coded and registered, the presence of antecedents, and the diagnostic agreement among documents.