A scoping review of circulating peptides assessments in anorexia nervosa: Uncovering diversity and nuanced findings.

Understanding biological mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa (AN) is necessary to develop care strategies. Despite many articles dedicated to peptides assessment in AN, there is no systematic review. A scoping review of circulating peptides published in relation to AN, comparing their results with those of controls, was conducted.

Loss of Sult1a1 reduces body weight and increases browning of white adipose tissue.

Background And Objective: Overweight and obesity affects millions of individuals worldwide and consequently represents a major public health concern. Individuals living with overweight and obesity have difficulty maintaining a low body weight due to known physiological mechanisms which prevent further weight loss and drive weight regain. In contrast, mechanisms which promote low body weight maintenance receive less attention and are largely unknown.

Older adult women with chronic anorexia nervosa: heterogeneous adaptation to undernutrition over time.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) in older adult women is primarily described through reviews or case reports focusing on psychiatric traits, with no comprehensive studies evaluating their complete nutritional and hormonal profiles. This study aimed to describe a group of women with anorexia nervosa aged above 35 years old (AN35), and compare them with young women with anorexia nervosa (ANY) and normal-weight control participants.

Method: Anthropometric, metabolic, nutritional, and psychiatric parameters were collected and compared among three groups of women: 50 AN35, 37 ANY, and 38 controls.

Circadian copeptin and oxytocin profiles in anorexia nervosa: Exploring the interplay with neurohypophysis opioid tone.

Context: Neurohypophysis (NH) function in eating disorders (ED) remains poorly elucidated. Studies on vasopressin and oxytocin display inconclusive findings regarding their levels and associations with psychological complications in ED. The profile of opioid tone, a crucial NH activity regulator, is also unknown.

MRI atlas of the pituitary gland in young female adults.

The probabilistic topography and inter-individual variability of the pituitary gland (PG) remain undetermined. The absence of a standardized reference atlas hinders research on PG volumetrics. In this study, we aimed at creating maximum probability maps for the anterior and posterior PG in young female adults.

The value of a multidisciplinary consensus meeting in achieving agreement on eating disorders diagnosis at a specialized referral center.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the concordance of eating disorders (EDs) diagnoses within a multidisciplinary team in a specialized hospital unit dedicated to the medical care of ED.

Methods: The study analyzed data from 608 female patients who sought consultation at the Eating Disorders Referral Center between 2017 and 2021. The diagnoses were established according to the DSM-5 criteria by endocrinologists, psychiatrists, and finally confirmed or discussed within a monthly multidisciplinary consensus meeting (MCM).

Structure-function relationship of the pituitary gland in anorexia nervosa and intense physical activity.

Patients with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and athletes share intense physical activity and pituitary hormonal disturbances related to absolute (AN) or relative (athletes) undernutrition. Pituitary gland (PG) structure evaluations in those conditions are scarce, and did not differentiate anterior from posterior lobe. We evaluated the structure-function relationship of anterior and posterior PG in AN and athletes, and potential reversibility of this alteration in a group of weight-recovered patients (AN_Rec).

Mechanisms and predictors of menses resumption once normal weight is reached in anorexia nervosa.

Background: In cases of Anorexia Nervosa (AN), achieving weight gain recovery beyond the lower limits set by the World Health Organization and normalizing classical nutritional markers appears to be essential for most patients. However, this is not always adequate to restore menstrual cycles. This discrepancy can cause concern for both patients and healthcare providers, and can impact the medical management of these individuals.

Systematic review of prospective studies assessing risk factors to predict anorexia nervosa onset.

Background: According to case‒control studies, a multitude of factors contribute to the emergence of anorexia nervosa (AN). The present systematic review examines prospective studies specifically designed to evaluate the prediction of AN onset.

Methods: According to the ARMSTAR 2 and PRISMA 2020 checklists, the PubMed, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were searched.

Continuous glucose monitoring assessment in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa reveals chronic prolonged mild hypoglycemia all over the nycthemeron.

Objective: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterised by voluntary dietary restriction leading to severe undernutrition. Hypoglycaemia is mostly described through severe case reports and is always evaluated by fasting or post-meal blood glucose, showing nothing about hypoglycaemia's length or duration. The interest of continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM), largely used in diabetes mellitus, has never been evaluated in AN patients.

Performance of quantitative measurements in [F]fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography for parathyroid imaging (P2TH study).

Objective: [F]Fluorocholine positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is used frequently in addition to [Tc]Tc-Sestamibi scintigraphy and ultrasonography for the location of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of quantitative criteria in [F]fluorocholine PET/CT for localization of hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands. The secondary objective is to highlight a correlation between the detection rate of [F]fluorocholine PET/CT and serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level.

New Insights on Bone Tissue and Structural Muscle-Bone Unit in Constitutional Thinness.

While few studies pointed out low bone mineral densities in constitutionally thin women, little is known about potential explanations. The objective was to further explore bone architecture in both women and men with constitutional thinness to investigate their mechanical muscle-bone coupling (or uncoupling). Thirty constitutionally thin people and 31 normal weight controls participated in the study.

Association of gut-specific non-inflammatory T lymphocytes with chronic anorexia nervosa and constitutional thinness.

Objective: Previous studies of AN showed low-grade inflammation. Are low-grade inflammation and circulating lymphocytes associated with chronic conditions?

Method: Peripheric blood cytokines were measured using Luminex™ technology in a chronic AN cohort (mean = 67.42 months), compared to Constitutional Thinness (CT), Constitutional Obesity (CO), and Healthy Controls (HC).

Proteomics reveals unique plasma signatures in constitutional thinness.

Purpose: Studying the plasma proteome of control versus constitutionally thin (CT) individuals, exposed to overfeeding, may give insights into weight-gain management, providing relevant information to the clinical entity of weight-gain resistant CT, and discovering new markers for the condition.

Experimental Design: Untargeted protein relative quantification of 63 CT and normal-weight individuals was obtained in blood plasma at baseline, during and after an overfeeding challenge using mass spectrometry-based proteomics.

Results: The plasma proteome of CT subjects presented limited specificity with respect to controls at baseline.

Is constitutional thinness really different from anorexia nervosa? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A growing interest in constitutional thinness has been observed in the last decades, but the publications however cover various fields of study and report equivocal results. The present work systematically reviewed any clinical trials enrolling participants with constitutional thinness and bibliographic researches were performed between December 2018 and June 2020. From a total of 1 212 records initially identified, 402 records were removed as duplicates, 381 articles were excluded based on titles or abstracts and 390 references were excluded against eligibility criteria.

Underweight but not underfat: is fat-free mass a key factor in constitutionally thin women?

Constitutional thinness is defined as a state of severe underweight with a body mass index similar to anorectic patients (BMI < 17.5 kg/m), in the absence of any eating disorders or other obvious disruptive factors impacting energy balance. The analysis of body composition is essential as a first approach to characterize constitutional thinness and might help identify new discriminating differences between constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa.

Use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors and prognosis of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes: A propensity score analysis from the CORONADO study.

Aim: To investigate the association between routine use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection in patient with type 2 diabetes in a large multicentric study.

Materials And Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of the CORONADO study on 2449 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) hospitalized for COVID-19 in 68 French centres. The composite primary endpoint combined tracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and death within 7 days of admission.

Two new reliable immunohistochemical methods for simultaneous identification of capillaries, the three types of fibers and basal lamina in human skeletal muscle.

Capillary network of skeletal muscle has a crucial role in oxygen supply and is strongly associated with the phenotype and metabolic profile of muscle fibers. Abundant literature has explored capillarization of skeletal muscle in different populations and in response to different interventions. Capillary and fiber type identification techniques have considerably evolved over the last decades, but to the best of our knowledge, no validated immunohistochemical method has yet been developed to simultaneously identify capillaries (using CD31), the three different muscle fiber types, and basal lamina.

Skeletal muscle of females and males with constitutional thinness: a low intramuscular lipid content and oxidative profile.

Constitutional thinness (CT) is a nonpathological state of underweight. The current study aimed to explore skeletal muscle energy storage in individuals with CT and to further characterize muscle phenotype at baseline and in response to overfeeding. Thirty subjects with CT (15 females, 15 males) and 31 normal-weight control subjects (16 females, 15 males) participated in the study.

Decreased cerebral opioid receptors availability related to hormonal and psychometric profile in restrictive-type anorexia nervosa.

Purpose: The opioid system role in anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology is still unclear since conflicting results were reported on peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid opioids levels. The study main aim was to evaluate cerebral AN opiate receptor availability by using [C] diprenorphine, a ligand with non-selective binding.

Methods: In vivo [C]diprenorphine cerebral non-displaceable binding potential (BP) evaluated by PET imaging was compared between three groups : 17 undernourished restrictive-type AN patients (LeanAN), 15 AN patients having regained normal weight (RecAN) and 15 controls.

Definition and diagnosis of constitutional thinness: a systematic review.

The existing literature about the definition and diagnostic criteria of constitutional thinness (CT) appears equivocal. The present work systematically reviewed the criteria used in the diagnosis of adult individuals with CT (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019138236). Five electronic bibliographic databases were searched between December 2018 and November 2019: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), Google Scholar and Clinical Trials.

Resistance to lean mass gain in constitutional thinness in free-living conditions is not overpassed by overfeeding.

Background: Constitutional thinness (CT), a non-malnourished underweight state with no eating disorders, is characterized by weight gain resistance to high fat diet. Data issued from muscle biopsies suggested blunted anabolic mechanisms in free-living state. Weight and metabolic responses to protein caloric supplementation has not been yet explored in CT.