Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol
October 2021
Euryhaline fishes maintain hydromineral balance in a broad range of environmental salinities via the activities of multiple osmoregulatory organs, namely the gill, gastrointestinal tract, skin, kidney, and urinary bladder. Teleosts residing in freshwater (FW) environments are faced with the diffusive loss of ions and the osmotic gain of water, and, therefore, the kidney and urinary bladder reabsorb Na and Cl to support the production of dilute urine. Nonetheless, the regulated pathways for Na and Cl transport by euryhaline fishes, especially in the urinary bladder, have not been fully resolved.
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