Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Immunocompromised Patients.

The increasing incidence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a major problem in terms of therapeutic options, especially in immunocompromised patients, such as patients from intensive care units (ICUs), HIV-positive patients, patients with malignancies or transplant patients. Commensal bacteria, especially anaerobes, serve to maintain microbial stability by preventing overpopulation with pathogenic bacteria. In immunocompromised patients, microbiota imbalance caused by antibiotic therapy and decreased host immunity favors intestinal overpopulation with pathogenic species, leading to increased bacterial translocation and susceptibility to systemic infections.

Emerging Strategies against Non-Typhoidal : From Pathogenesis to Treatment.

Even with the intensive efforts by public health programs to control and prevent it, non-typhoidal (NTS) infection remains an important public health challenge. It is responsible for approximately 150 million illnesses and 60,000 deaths worldwide annually. NTS infection poses significant risks with high rates of morbidity and mortality, leading to potential short- and long-term complications.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Children under 5 Years Old-A Regional Seroepidemiological Study.

The aim of this research was to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection; the study was motivated by parental hesitancy regarding child vaccination, and the potential passive immunity of infants acquired through breastfeeding from mothers vaccinated against COVID-19 or infected with SARS-CoV-2. : We quantified the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer in the serum of 743 children under 5 years old, hospitalized between 1 August 2022, and 15 September 2023. : Among the participants, 52.

Diagnosis, Management, and Prognosis of Cystic Fibrosis-Related Liver Disease in Children.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multifaceted disorder predominantly investigated for its pulmonary manifestations, yet patients with CF also exhibit a spectrum of extrapulmonary manifestations, notably those involving the hepatobiliary system. The latter constitutes the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in individuals with CF. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease (CFLD), with an escalating prevalence, manifests diverse clinical presentations ranging from hepatomegaly to cirrhosis and hepatopulmonary syndrome.

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Anorexia Nervosa in Children and Adults-Systematic Review.

Among the factors incriminated in the appearance of eating disorders, intestinal microbiota has recently been implicated. Now there is evidence that the composition of gut microbiota is different in anorexia nervosa. We gathered many surveys on the changes in the profile of gut microbiota in patients with anorexia nervosa.

Inflammatory Response in COVID-19 Depending on the Severity of the Disease and the Vaccination Status.

The aim of this study was to analyze the serum concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, and procalcitonin in COVID-19 patients with different forms of the disease. We performed a prospective cohort study on 137 COVID-19 consecutive patients, divided into four groups according to the severity of the disease as follows: 30 patients in the mild form group, 49 in the moderate form group, 28 in the severe form group, and 30 in the critical form group. The tested parameters were correlated with COVID-19 severity.

The Immune, Inflammatory and Hematological Response in COVID-19 Patients, According to the Severity of the Disease.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune and inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients by dosing specific IgM and IgG total antibodies and interleukin 6, correlating them with the hematological and biochemical blood parameters and comparing them by the form of the disease.

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized between 15.03.

Cytokines and Chemokines in Breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2 Infected or COVID-19 Vaccinated Mothers.

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease and anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were accompanied by alterations in several inflammatory markers. The aim of our research was to check to what extent such cytokines are transferred to infants via the breastmilk of SARS-CoV-2-infected or vaccinated mothers. Thus, we wanted to check if breastfeeding is safe during SARS-CoV-2 infection or after COVID-19 mRNA-vaccination.

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Psychiatric Disorders.

The role of the gut microbiome in mental health has been of great interest in the past years, with several breakthroughs happening in the last decade. Its implications in several psychiatric disorders, namely anxiety, depression, autism and schizophrenia, are highlighted. In this review were included relevant studies on rodents, as well as human studies.

What Doesn't Kill Them Makes Them Stronger: The Impact of the Resistance Patterns of Urinary Isolates in Patients from a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Europe.

(1) Background: The evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics is one of the factors that make infectious pathology an extremely dynamic field, also inducing a significant burden on public health systems; therefore, continuous updates on the bacterial resistance to antibiotics and their particular regional patterns is crucial for the adequate approach of various infectious diseases. (2) Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 354 patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs), determined their antibiotic resistance pattern, thus aiming to correlate them with the outcome and other specific markers of poor prognosis. (3) Results: The most frequent causative agent was , representing 64.

Anti-RBD IgA and IgG Response and Transmission in Breast Milk of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccinated Mothers.

Unlabelled: The appearance of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a significant impact on the balance of public health and social life. The data available so far show that newborns and young children do not develop severe forms of COVID-19, but a small proportion of them will still need hospitalization. Even though young children represent an important vector of the infection, vaccination at such a young age was not yet considered.

Antibiotic resistance of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli isolated at a large Infectious Diseases Hospital in North-Eastern Romania, during an 11-year period.

Introduction: Increased antibiotic resistance of non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) associated with increased morbidity and mortality makes the infections they produce a major public health problem. This study aims to assess the evolution of antibiotic susceptibility and the level of NFGNB antibiotic resistance.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective study on 994 NFGNB strains which had been isolated in the Clinical Laboratory of the "Sf.

Insights into multidrug-resistant urinary tract infections: From susceptibility to mortality.

The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by has exhibited an increasing trend and has become a high burden for many public health systems, especially in hospital settings. Multidrug resistance associated with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) among isolates is endemic in Southeastern Europe. We retrospectively analyzed 75 cases admitted to 'St.

Detection of Aminoglycoside and Macrolide Resistance Mechanisms in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can become resistant to many different classes of antibiotics. Objective: To characterize aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance mechanisms in MRSA strains in relation to antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Materials and methods: We tested 86 MRSA strains using multiplex PCR for detection of genes mecA, aac(6′)-Ie/aph(2″), ant(4′)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIIa, ermA, ermC and msrA.

Tuberculous Meningitis in Children and Adults: A 10-Year Retrospective Comparative Analysis.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which has a high rate of neurological complications and sequelae.

Objectives: Our study offers a real-world infectious disease clinic perspective, being thus representative for the clinical environment of developing countries.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the 127 adult and 77 pediatric cases diagnosed with TBM in the Infectious Disease Hospital of the School of Medicine of Iasi, Romania between 2004-2013.

Triplex real-time pcr for detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and Panton-Valentine leukocidin in North-East Romania.

Unlabelled: The aim of the present study was to investigate S. aureus isolates for the presence of methicillin-resistance and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes and to further characterize positive strains by means of antibiotic resistance patterns.

Material And Methods: We used a triplex Real-Time PCR method for simultaneous detection of nuc, mecA and pvl genes in clinical isolates from 188 patients admitted to "Sf.

Optimization of triplex real time PCR for detecting Staphylococcus aureus mecA, pvl and nuc genes.

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allows simultaneous detection of two or more genes, using the same reaction conditions, and so it is possible the rapid detection of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (MRSA) in clinical specimens. This study aimed to implement, for the first time in our laboratory, a triplex real time PCR (RT-PCR) technique for detection of genes encoding resistance to oxacillin and synthesis of Panton Valentine leukocidin (pvl), a pathogenicity factor characteristic for community acquired strains (CA-MRSA). The application of this method will permit the epidemiological surveillance of circulating strains and early application of prevention measures.

[Use of real time PCR for testing Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Iaşi Infectious Diseases Hospital].

Unlabelled: S. aureus is capable of producing a wide spectrum of diseases and can quickly develop resistance to antibiotics. These features require a careful monitoring of these organisms, by detection of resistance genes and virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL).

[Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2003-2009].

Unlabelled: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important respiratory tract pathogen in otitis, sinusitis, bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia.

Material And Methods: A total of 155 patient isolates of S. pneumoniae were collected between February 2003 and December 2009 from the Iaşi "Sf.

[MecA and pvl genes detection in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from lower respiratory tract infections].

Unlabelled: Although community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia with highly virulent Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive strains, a severe disease with significant lethality, is rare, especially in adult and adolescent patients, recent reports highlight that these infections are on the rise. On the other hand, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is one of the high-risk and potential multi-drug resistant microorganisms.

[Gamma interferon testing in blood and cerebrospinal fluid--rapid method for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis].

Aim: To evaluate the benefit of this early method of diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis, gamma-interferon levels comparatively in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Material And Method: We have studied 50 patients with tuberculous meningitis admitted in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases Iaşi between 2006-2007, from the epidemiological, clinical, diagnosis and therapeutical points of view.

Results: Tuberculous meningitis was more frequent in males, with a mean ration of 2.