Complications of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine as an early warning sign of inborn errors of immunity: a report of 197 patients.

Background: According to the WHO's recommendation for developing countries, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination has been implemented in some countries as part of national vaccination programs at birth. Although it is generally considered safe, some complications may occur; including BCGitis (local) or BCGosis (systemic), ranging from mild like local abscesses to fatal impediments like osteomyelitis and disseminated BCG infection. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of inborn errors of immunity (IEI) in BCG-vaccinated neonates experiencing local or systemic complications.

Risk factors for wound complications after associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) compared to repeated liver resection - a propensity score matching analysis.

Aim: Sufficient liver function is crucial in extracellular matrix growth, hemostasis, and wound healing. Repeated abdominal surgery is a known risk factor for the development of wound complications. This study aimed to evaluate this high-risk constellation in patients undergoing associated liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) and repeated liver resections (RLR) in comparison to single liver resection (SLR).

Modified Peritoneal Fenestration as a Preventive Method for Lymphocele after Kidney Transplantation: A Preliminary Report.

: We aimed to assess the safety of a modified peritoneal fenestration technique with clipping of the window edges during kidney transplantation (KTx) and to determine its impact on reducing lymphocele following KTx. We compared the outcomes of this modified method with those of peritoneal fenestration without clipping. : Among 430 consecutive KTxs performed between 2015 and 2019, preventive peritoneal fenestration and clipping of the margins were performed in 25 patients.

Methods to prevent lymphocele after kidney transplantation: Seeking the optimal technique for avoiding a preventable complication.

Background: There are multiple methods for preventing lymphocele formation after kidney transplantation (KTx). However, lymphoceles still develop in up to one third of patients and the effectiveness of these different methods in preventing lymphocele is not well described. Here, we summarize the current strategies for preventing lymphocele after KTx.

Postoperative Management of Portal Vein Arterialization: An Interdisciplinary Institutional Approach.

Portal vein arterialization (PVA) is a surgical procedure that plays a crucial role in hepatic vascular salvage when hepatic artery flow restoration remains elusive. Dedicated diagnostic vascular imaging and the timely management of PVA shunts are paramount to preventing complications, such as portal hypertension and thrombosis. Regrettably, a lack of standardized postoperative management protocols for PVA has increased morbidity and mortality rates post-procedure.

Promising Results of Associating Liver Partition and Portal Vein Ligation for Staged Hepatectomy for Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma in a Systematic Review and Single-Arm Meta-Analysis.

Background: ALPPS popularity is increasing among surgeons worldwide and its indications are expanding to cure patients with primarily unresectable liver tumors. Few reports recommended limitations or even contraindications of ALPPS in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (phCC). Here, we discuss the results of ALPPS in patients with phCC in a systematic review as well as a pooled data analysis.

Assessing textbook outcomes following major liver surgery in association with obesity at a referral academic center.

Introduction: Outcomes of major surgeries in tertiary educational hospitals have been complicated by the referral of high-risk patients and the participation of trainees in surgical procedures. We analyzed outcomes of major hepatectomies in a tertiary academic setting emphasizing the role of training and obesity on textbook outcomes (TO).

Materials And Methods: 971 adult patients who underwent open major hepatectomy (Mesohepatectomy [n = 111], hemihepatectomy [n = 610], and extended hepatectomy [n = 250]) were evaluated.

Comparison of the modified piggyback with standard piggyback and conventional orthotopic liver transplantation techniques: a network meta-analysis.

Background: In conventional orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), the recipient's retrohepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) is completely clamped and replaced with the donor IVC. The piggyback technique has been used to preserve venous return, either via an end-to-side or standard piggyback (SPB), or via a side-to-side or modified piggyback (MPB) anastomosis, using a venous cuff from the recipient hepatic veins with partially clamping and preserves the recipient's inferior vena cava. However, whether these piggyback techniques improve the efficacy of OLT is unclear.

Bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and end-stage renal disease.

Background: Bariatric surgery has been suggested as a treatment for obesity and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Although the number of bariatric surgeries in patients with ESRD is increasing, its safety and effectiveness in these patients are still controversial and the surgical method of choice in these patients is under debate.

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of bariatric surgery between patients with and without ESRD and to assess different methods of bariatric surgery in patients with ESRD.

Insights and outcomes of single-staged repair of female bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex without osteotomy: 15 Years experience of a single institution.

Introduction: Female exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC) has been considered as a rare malformation of the genito-urinary tract affecting. Combining procedures during the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex to reduce the number of procedures and improve the outcomes has evoked great interest.

Objective: we tried to describe the application and results of a single-stage approach for reconstruction of female BEEC during initial reconstruction or following prior failed bladder closure (FBC).

Exposure to road noise and asthma prevalence in adults.

Noise has been reported as one of the most important risk factors for asthma, but there are some disagreements. This study aimed to investigate the effect of road noise on asthma prevalence in adults. In the current study, 3172 adults were interviewed through the ECRHS standardized questionnaire in Tehran, the capital of Iran.

Meatal Stenosis and Atopic Condition: A Pilot Study Demonstrating a Possible Unidentified Etiology.

Meatal stenosis (MS) is known as one of the most frequent complications of circumcision. In the present study, we aimed to find any possible relationship between MS and allergic disorders. A total of 36 children with a mean±SD age of 5.

The overall impact of COVID-19 on healthcare during the pandemic: A multidisciplinary point of view.

Background And Aims: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic globally changed the priorities of medical and surgical procedures. It has caused many healthcare systems to stop performing their routine screenings. Altering medical clinics to COVID-19 referral centers, lockdowns, and the public fear to refer to medical centers caused a significant reduction in the referral rate; especially in the elderly.

Esophagus tissue engineering: from decellularization to in vivo recellularization in two sites.

To produce an esophageal scaffold with suitable features and evaluate the result of in vivo cell seeding after its implantation in the omentum and near its original anatomical position in the rat model. The esophagus of twelve rats were resected, cannulated, and decellularized via a peristaltic pump. After confirmation of decellularization and preservation of extracellular matrix, decellularized scaffolds were implanted either in the abdominal cavity (group I, n = 6) or cervical area (group II, n = 6).

Regeneration of muscular wall of the bladder using a ureter matrix graft as a scaffold.

We investigated a method for bladder augmentation in rats using a decellularized ureter graft. We used 16 rats divided into two groups of eight. After partial cystectomy, the bladders in group 1 were grafted with a 1 cm patch of human decellularized ureter.

The Critical Role of Prenatal Genetic Study in Prevention of Primary Immunodeficiency in High-risk Families: The Largest Report of 107 Cases.

This study aims to investigate the role of prenatal diagnosis (PND) in Iranian couples with a previous history of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDD) in their family. All referred couples with a family history of PIDD and a tendency for PND were included in this project. Based on gestational age, chorionic villus sampling (CVS) was performed to analyze the molecular defect of the fetus according to the previous gene defect of the affected case in the family.

The most common allergens according to skin prick test: The role of wheal diameter in clinical relevancy.

The skin prick test (SPT) could be applied as a useful in vivo method for the detection of sensitization in epidemiological and diagnostic studies if the wheal size is ideally evaluated. We focused on SPT wheal size to identify sensitization pattern to common inhalant and food allergens. In this cross-sectional study, SPT results were obtained from a total of 972 allergic patients.

Local tissue reaction and histopathological characteristics of three different bulking agents: a rabbit model.

Purpose: We assessed the efficacy and safety of a single injection of three bulking agents over the short- and long-term follow-ups in rabbits. Dermal and preputial matrices were compared with Deflux (DxHA) injection.

Material And Methods: Twenty-four rabbits were divided into three groups.

Recellularization of testicular feminization testis in C57bl6 as a natural bioreactor for creation of cellularized seminiferous tubules: an experimental study.

We determined histological aspects of implanted human decellularized testicular matrix (DTM) in C57BL6 as a primitive step for further testis tissue engineering. A total of 4 immature human testicles were obtained after bilateral orchiectomy from patients with testicular feminization syndrome. The optimal decellularization protocol was determined and the efficacy of decellularization was evaluated in two of the testicles.

Single-staged male bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex reconstruction with pubic bone adaptation without osteotomy: 15-year single-center experience.

Purpose: To represent the 15 years' experience of an academic referral center for the reconstruction of bladder exstrophy-epispadias complex with a modified single-stage approach. Single-staged reconstruction techniques are commonly used for classic bladder exstrophy. However, combined bladder closure and epispadias repair have been taken into great consideration in patients with initially failed reconstruction or delayed primary closure.

In-vivo regeneration of bladder muscular wall with whole decellularized bladder matrix: A novel hourglass technique for duplication of bladder volume in rabbit model.

Objective: To determine histological aspects of decellularized bladder graft to achieve a double-sized bladder by novel hourglass technique; using rabbit models.

Methods: Sixteen rabbit bladders were decellularized and underwent laboratory investigations. After making a laparotomy incision and exposure of bladders in another 16 rabbits (partial detrusor myomectomy), they were separated into two groups.

Prognostic significance of maternal urinary carbohydrate antigen 19-9 for antenatal diagnosis of posterior urethral valve associated with fetal hydronephrosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the predictive role of maternal urinary CA 19-9 as a non-invasive marker for diagnosing antenatal posterior urethral valve (PUV).

Methods: A total of 40 women in the third pregnancy trimester were enrolled. Case group (group A) consisted of 20 women with a diagnosis of antenatal PUV.

Paediatric asthma prevalence: The first national population-based survey in Iran.

Background: The actual prevalence of paediatric asthma as a worldwide chronic disease has been surveyed in developed countries. However, no sufficient survey has been conducted in most of the eastern developing countries. Herein, we took measures to evaluate the prevalence of paediatric asthma in Iran.