Background: Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) among HIV-infected children is often complicated by various factors including medication formulation, dosing frequency, drug toxicities, age and developmental stage, psychosocial and behavioural characteristics of both children and caregivers and can additionally be complicated by being an orphan.
Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the factors and the extent of their influence on cART adherence among HIV-infected orphaned children attending Care and Treatment Centres (CTCs) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed, which assessed adherence in HIV-positive orphaned children aged 2-14 years receiving nevirapine (NVP) based cART for at least 6 months.