Techniques in Management of Cholesteatoma: Radical and Canal Wall down Mastoidectomy.

Canal wall down mastoidectomy is performed when demanded by the extent of disease: presence of a large labyrinthine fistula, extensive erosion of posterior auditory canal wall, prior failed intact canal wall surgery, a contracted, sclerotic mastoid with extensive disease, or need for exteriorization due to inadequate exposure or inability to remove disease safely with a canal wall up approach.

Cochlear Implantation Outcomes in Patients With Sporadic Inner Ear Schwannomas With and Without Simultaneous Tumor Resection.

Objectives: Describe a single institution's cochlear implant outcomes for patients with inner ear schwannomas (IES) in the setting of various tumor management strategies (observation, surgical resection, or stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS]).

Study Design: Single-institution retrospective review.

Patients: Patients diagnosed with isolated, sporadic IES who underwent cochlear implantation (CI).

Molecular identification, phylogenetic analysis and histopathological study of pathogenic free-living amoebae isolated from discus fish (Symphysodon aequifasciatus) in Iran: 2020-2022.

Free-living amoebae (FLA) are capable of inhabiting diverse reservoirs independently, without relying on a host organism, hence their designation as "free-living". The majority of amoebae that infect freshwater or marine fish are amphizoic, or free-living forms that may colonize fish under particular circumstances. Symphysodon aequifasciatus, commonly referred to as the discus, is widely recognized as a popular ornamental fish species.

The potential role of extracorporeal cytokine removal with CytoSorb® as an adjuvant therapy in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

Management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represents one of the greatest challenges in intensive care and despite all efforts mortality remains high. One common phenotype of ARDS is that of a secondary injury to a dysregulated inflammatory host response resulting in increased capillary congestion, interstitial lung edema, atelectasis, pulmonary embolism, muscle wasting, recurring infectious episodes, and multiple organ failure. In cases of hyperinflammation, immunomodulation by extracorporeal cytokine removal such as the CytoSorb hemoadsorption cartridge could conceptually enhance lung recovery during the early course of the disease.

Anatomic Step-by-Step Dissection of Complex Skull Base Approaches for Trainees: Surgical Anatomy of the Infratemporal Fossa Approach to the Jugular Foramen.

Background And Objectives: The infratemporal fossa (ITF) is a complex region bounded by the temporal bone, maxilla, sphenoid, pterygoid plates, and mandibular ramus. Containing a high density of neurovascular and musculoskeletal structures, the ITF can house a number of pathologies, and access is challenging. The ITF approach and its variations can be challenging due to complex anatomy and unfamiliarity by many surgeons.

Rationale for the Development of a Novel Clinical Grading Scale for Postoperative Facial Nerve Function: Results of a Multidisciplinary International Working Group.

Objective: The objective of the current study was to present the results of an international working group survey identifying perceived limitations of existing facial nerve grading scales to inform the development of a novel grading scale for assessing early postoperative facial paralysis that incorporates regional scoring and is anchored in recovery prognosis and risk of associated complications.

Study Design: Survey.

Setting: A working group of 48 multidisciplinary clinicians with expertise in skull base, cerebellopontine angle, temporal bone, or parotid gland surgery.

Comparison Between Vancomycin Lock and Taurolock Solution for the Prevention of Catheter- related Infections in Hemodialysis Patients, A Multicenter Study.

Introduction: Central venous catheters, frequently used in patients undergoing hemodialysis, place the patients at high risk of catheter-related infections. Therefore, it is essential to select the optimal prevention protocol for these infections. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the Taurolock solution and antibiotic lock in preventing tunneled catheter (permcath) related infections.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Artifact Associated With Transcutaneous Bone Conduction Implants: Cholesteatoma and Vestibular Schwannoma Surveillance.

Objective: To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) image artifact and image distortion associated with the two transcutaneous bone conduction implants currently available in the United States.

Study Design: Cadaveric study.

Methods: Two cadaveric head specimens (1 male, 1 female) were unilaterally implanted according to manufacturer guidelines and underwent MR imaging (General Electric and Siemens 1.

Stratifying Risk of Future Growth Among Sporadic Vestibular Schwannomas.

Objective: In certain cases, clinicians may consider continued observation of a vestibular schwannoma after initial growth is detected. The aim of the current work was to determine if patients with growing sporadic vestibular schwannomas could be stratified by the likelihood of subsequent growth based on initial growth behavior.

Study Design: Slice-by-slice volumetric tumor measurements from 3,505 serial magnetic resonance imaging studies were analyzed from 952 consecutively treated patients.

The Renal Histopathological Findings in Patients with Renal Allograft Dysfunction: A Retrospective Single Center Study.

Introduction: Despite many advances in the development of knowledge and application of new immunosuppressive medications over the past two decades, the improvement has only been seen in the short-term outcome of kidney transplantation while the long-term survival of kidney transplantation has not significantly improved. Allograft kidney biopsy may help to determine the causes of allograft dysfunction which may change the treatment strategy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, kidney transplant recipients who underwent kidney biopsy in Shariati hospital during the years 2004 to 2015, at least three months after the kidney transplantation, were included for evaluation.

Incidence of Cochlear Implantation Among Adult Candidates in the United States.

Objectives: To investigate the associations of age and year of cochlear implantation (CI) with CI incidence among adults 20 years and older residing in the US.

Study Design: Deidentified cochlear implant data were acquired from prospective patient registries from two cochlear implant manufacturers (Cochlear Americas and Advanced Bionics), which supply an estimated 85% of cochlear implants in the US. Population estimates for severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss by age group were extracted from Census and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.

Extracorporeal blood purification strategies in sepsis and septic shock: An insight into recent advancements.

Background: Despite various therapies to treat sepsis, it is one of the leading causes of mortality in the intensive care unit patients globally. Knowledge about the pathophysiology of sepsis has sparked interest in extracorporeal therapies (ECT) which are intended to balance the dysregulation of the immune system by removing excessive levels of inflammatory mediators.

Aim: To review recent data on the use of ECT in sepsis and to assess their effects on various inflammatory and clinical outcomes.

Improved cochlear implant electrode localization using coregistration of pre- and postoperative CT.

Background And Purpose: Artifact from cochlear implant electrodes degrades image resolution on CT. Here, we describe the use of coregistered pre- and postoperative CT images to reduce metallic artifact from the electrodes to assess its position more accurately within the cochlear lumen.

Methods: Pre- and postoperative CTs were reviewed after coregistration/overlay of both exams.

Effect of a Global Pandemic on Adult and Pediatric Cochlear Implantation across the United States.

Objective: To characterize the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on national cochlear implantation utilization by age using inclusive cochlear implantation data from two manufacturers between 2015 and 2020.

Study Design: Analysis of prospectively registered consecutive patient data from two major cochlear implant (CI) manufacturers in the United States.

Patients: Children or adults who received CIs.

Absent Stapedial Tendon: Imaging Features of an Underrecognized Entity : Clinical Neuroradiology.

Purpose: Congenital absence of the stapedial tendon is a rare entity with characteristic imaging findings, which can go unrecognized due the scarcity of the diagnosis and limited previous description in the imaging literature. We aim to characterize the imaging features of this entity.

Methods: A series of 9 cases with surgical confirmation of stapedial tendon absence were retrospectively reviewed and the most common abnormalities on high resolution computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bone described.

Sex and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival: a systematic review.

Background: The literature is unresolved on whether female receive advanced cardiac life support less than do male and on whether female have a survival advantage over male after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases (from inception to 23-April-2022) for papers reporting outcomes in adult male and female after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The main study outcome was the rate of adjusted survival to hospital discharge or 30 days.

Experience with Telemedicine in a Tertiary Academic Otologic Clinic During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To examine the utility of telemedicine in a tertiary otologic practice.

Study Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Tertiary neurotology clinic.

Right medium-sized vestibular schwannoma with trigeminal neuralgia post-fractionated radiotherapy.

A patient with trigeminal neuralgia secondary to a vestibular schwannoma underwent fractionated radiotherapy without relief of her pain. She was then effectively treated with microsurgical resection of her tumor. Early identification of the lower cranial nerves and the origin of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves is key to determining the operative corridors for vestibular schwannoma resection.

Right posterior petrosectomy for resection of petroclival meningioma.

Petroclival meningiomas, which arise from the upper two-thirds of the clivus and are medial to the trigeminal nerve, carry significant surgical risk. Patients whose operations are tailored to maximize tumor resection while minimizing neurological morbidity have favorable outcomes. Subtotally resected tumors can be subsequently considered for radiosurgery in an attempt to limit recurrence.

Comparing Patient Satisfaction After Upfront Treatment Versus Wait-and-Scan for Small Sporadic Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objective: Management of small vestibular schwannoma (VS) remains controversial, as patients are typically candidates for all three management options including microsurgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, or wait-and-scan. This study compares patient satisfaction across treatment modalities in patients with small VS.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.