Oncogenic induces microglial proliferation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and neuronal death through c-Jun N-terminal kinase.

Activating V600E in v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) is a common driver mutation in cancers of multiple tissue origins, including melanoma and glioma. BRAF has also been implicated in neurodegeneration. The present study aims to characterize BRAF during cell death and proliferation of three major cell types of the central nervous system: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia.

Association Between Parkinson's Disease and Melanoma: Putting the Pieces Together.

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) generally have reduced risk of developing many types of cancers, except melanoma-a malignant tumor of melanin-producing cells in the skin. For decades, a large number of epidemiological studies have reported that the occurrence of melanoma is higher than expected among subjects with PD, and the occurrence of PD is reciprocally higher than expected among patients with melanoma. More recent epidemiological studies further indicated a bidirectional association, not only in the patients themselves but also in their relatives.