Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Alzheimer's Disease: A Narrative Review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with its prevalence doubling approximately every decade. It is a significant contributor to disability-adjusted life-years in individuals aged 50 and older, impacting a substantial portion of this population globally. The pathophysiology of AD is primarily explained by two hypotheses: the amyloid cascade hypothesis and the tau hypothesis.

Epigenome-wide analysis across the development span of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: backtracking to birth.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related mortality in children. Causes of leukemia, the most common form, are largely unknown. Growing evidence points to an origin in-utero, when global redistribution of DNA methylation occurs driving tissue differentiation.

The characteristics of frozen-thawed rooster sperm using various intracellular cryoprotectants.

Cryopreservation of rooster semen is essential for conserving genetic resources, genetic improvement, and increasing productivity. However, the nature of avian sperm presents a global issue in ensuring superior frozen semen for artificial insemination. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of using dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and ethylene glycol (EG) as cryoprotectants on post-thawed sperm motility, quality, antioxidant indicators, and fertilizing capacity.

Ethoxyquin attenuates enteric oxidative stress and inflammation by promoting cytokine expressions and symbiotic microbiota in heat-stressed broilers.

Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg for 5 wk.

Mir-21 and Mir-125b as theranostic biomarkers for epithelial ovarian cancer in Tunisian women.

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is the third most common cancer in women and the leading cause of death associated with gynecologic tumors. Because this disease is asymptomatic in the early stages, most patients are not diagnosed until the late stages. This highlights the need for the development of diagnostic biomarkers.

The AcrAB efflux pump confers self-resistance to stilbenes in Photorhabdus laumondii.

The Resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type AcrAB-TolC efflux pump contributes to multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, the bacterium Photorhabdus laumondii TT01 has emerged as a goldmine for novel anti-infective drug discovery. Outside plants, Photorhabdus is the only Gram-negative known to produce stilbene-derivatives including 3,5-dihydroxy-4-ethyl-trans-stilbene and 3,5-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-trans-stilbene (IPS).

Can plasma vitamin C predict survival in stage IV colorectal cancer patients? Results of a prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: In light of the inconclusive evidence on the association between vitamin C status and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcome, this study assessed the prognostic value of vitamin C in participants with metastatic CRC (mCRC).

Methods: Adults with mCRC and cancer-free controls were recruited in this prospective cohort study to allow for comparison of vitamin C levels with healthy individuals from the same population. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, medical variables, BRAF and KRAS mutations, as well as Vitamin C plasma level and food intake were evaluated.

Dietary Corn Silk () Extract Supplementation Modulate Production Performance, Immune Response and Redox Balance in Corticosterone-Induced Oxidative Stress Broilers.

Immunosuppression is a serious consequence of oxidative stress exposure that negatively affects the productivity and profitability of birds, as well as their well-being. Thus, the present investigation was designed to evaluate the potential of corn silk extract (CSE) supplementation to overcome the negative impacts of oxidative stress induced by corticosterone administration (CORT) in broiler chickens. A total of 280 one day old Cobb 500 male chicks were divided into four groups in 2 × 2 factorial arrangements.

Neo-adjuvant FOLFIRINOX in borderline resectable and locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Background: Surgery and systemic therapy provide the best option for long-term cancer control in localized resectable pancreas cancer. The present study assessed the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant treatment with FOLFIRINOX in patients with borderline resectable (BR) and locally advanced (LA) pancreas cancer (PDAC).

Methods: This was a prospective noninterventional observational trial of neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX in BR and LA PDAC.

miR-126 Decreases Proliferation and Mammosphere Formation of MCF-7 and Predicts Prognosis of ER+ Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is a major health burden that affects over one million women each year. It is the most prevalent cancer in women and the number one cancer killer of them worldwide. Of all BC subtypes, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) BC is the most commonly diagnosed.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy and the Potential Influence of Gut Microbiome.

Disruptions in the human gut microbiome have been associated with a cycle of hepatocyte injury and regeneration characteristic of chronic liver disease. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiota can promote the development of hepatocellular carcinoma through the persistence of this inflammation by inducing genetic and epigenetic changes leading to cancer. As the gut microbiome is known for its effect on host metabolism and immune response, it comes as no surprise that the gut microbiome may have a role in the response to therapeutic strategies such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy for liver cancer.

A Signature of Four Circulating microRNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Diagnosing Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer (BC) is the most predominant type of cancer among women. The aim of this study is to find new biomarkers that can help in early detection of BC, especially for those who are too young to be screened using mammography as per guidelines. Using microRNA microarray, we previously showed dysregulation of 74 microRNAs in tumors from early BC patients as compared with normal adjacent tissues, which we were interested in studying in blood circulation.

Treatment sequencing of metastatic colorectal cancer based on primary tumor location.

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease with various clinical, molecular, and embryological differences related to the origin of the tumor from the right or left colon. Recent studies have demonstrated that tumor sidedness has both a prognostic and predictive value in metastatic colorectal cancer . Patients whose primary tumor originates from the left side of the colon and whose tumor's genome encodes wild-type RAS and BRAF should be offered cetuximab or panitumumab in the first-line treatment of metastatic disease or in subsequent lines.

AcrAB, the major RND-type efflux pump of Photorhabdus laumondii, confers intrinsic multidrug-resistance and contributes to virulence in insects.

The resistance-nodulation-division (RND)-type efflux pumps AcrAB and MdtABC contribute to multidrug-resistance (MDR) in Gram-negative bacteria. Photorhabdus is a symbiotic bacterium of soil nematodes that also produces virulence factors killing insects by septicaemia. We previously showed that mdtA deletion in Photorhabdus laumondii TT01 resulted in no detrimental phenotypes.

Methylated circulating tumor DNA as a biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction.

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease whose death rate ranks second among cancers though its incidence ranks third. Early CRC detection is key and is associated with improved survival outcomes. However, existing tests for CRC diagnosis have several weaknesses thus rendering them inefficient.

Circulating miRNA as Biomarkers for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Liver Metastasis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Stage IV CRC patients have poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 14%. Liver metastasis is the main cause of mortality in CRC patients.

A risk progression breast epithelial 3D culture model reveals Cx43/hsa_circ_0077755/miR-182 as a biomarker axis for heightened risk of breast cancer initiation.

mRNA-circRNA-miRNAs axes have been characterized in breast cancer, but not as risk-assessment axes for tumor initiation in early-onset breast cancer that is increasing drastically worldwide. To address this gap, we performed circular RNA (circRNA) microarrays and microRNA (miRNA) sequencing on acini of HMT-3522 S1 (S1) breast epithelial risk-progression culture model in 3D and chose an early-stage population miRNome for a validation cohort. Nontumorigenic S1 cells form fully polarized epithelium while pretumorigenic counterparts silenced for gap junction Cx43 (Cx43-KO-S1) lose epithelial polarity, multilayer and mimic premalignant in vivo mammary epithelial morphology.

The Crosstalk between Microbiome and Immune Response in Gastric Cancer.

Gastric cancer is the end result of a complex interplay between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbial factors. The link between gut microbiome and gastric cancer has been attributed to persistent activation of the host's immune system by gut microbiota. The end result of this dysregulated interaction between host epithelium and microbes is a state of chronic inflammation.

Could Preoperative Unintended Weight Loss Predispose to Postoperative Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Colorectal Cancer Surgery? An Analysis of the NSQIP Data.

A significant portion of colorectal cancer patients lose weight preoperatively. Here we examine the influence of pre-operative significant weight loss on venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk and determine whether pre-operative BMI and albumin could influence VTE outcomes in patients who have lost significant weight prior to surgery. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) and identified 103,455 colorectal cancer patients undergoing major surgery from 2008 to 2012.

Peripheral Blood-Based Biopsy for Breast Cancer Risk Prediction and Early Detection.

Among women, breast cancer (BC) is not only the most common cancer worldwide but also the leading cause of cancer death. Only 5-10% of breast cancer cases are attributed to inherited mutations (BRCA1, BRCA2, and other breast cancer susceptibility genes). Breast cancer incidence has been rising particularly in young women who are not eligible for mammography, and it has been acting as a burden especially in developing countries that lack screening and awareness programs.

Exosomal Non Coding RNA in LIQUID Biopsies as a Promising Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with a high mortality rate, especially in those that are diagnosed in late stages of the disease. The current screening blood-based markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), have low sensitivity and specificity. Meanwhile, other modalities are either expensive or invasive.

Giant Inflatable Colon Model Enhances Lebanese Community Knowledge and Intention for Colorectal Cancer Screening.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge and intention for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening within the Lebanese community before and after a guided tour through an inflatable colon model.

Methods: The Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Naef K. Basile Cancer Institute at the American University of Beirut Medical Center in collaboration with AMALOUNA educational nongovernmental organization launched awareness campaigns during which a walk-through inflatable colon was displayed.

Cross-Roads to Drug Resistance and Metastasis in Breast Cancer: miRNAs Regulatory Function and Biomarker Capability.

Breast cancer and specifically metastatic breast cancer (mBC) constitutes a major health burden worldwide with the highest number of cancer-related mortality among women across the globe. Despite having similar subtypes, breast cancer patients present with a spectrum of aggressiveness and responsiveness to therapy due to cancer heterogeneity. Drug resistance and metastasis contribute to therapy failure and cancer recurrence.

Gut Microbiome: A Promising Biomarker for Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancer.

Research has been driven towards finding therapy predictive biomarkers for colorectal cancer (CRC) with a special interest in studying the gut microbiome. Gut microbiome acts not only as a barrier to prevent bacterial invasion and infection, but it also affects the efficacy of hematopoietic-cell transplantation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy, which potentiates the host immune system, has revolutionized cancer therapy in general and CRC treatment specifically by increasing the quality of life and the survival of a subset of patients with this disease.